Renaissance,中外医学史培训教程文件.ppt

Mechanism in Life Science Harveys Theory of blood circulation reduced the movement of blood into a mechanistic model, explained the movement of blood in a mechanistic way, in systole, blood flow out, in diastole, blood flow in. Finally, it feuled the formation of a mechanistic natural view in life science. The formation of Mechanistic natural view is the Icon for the birth of modern science. It formed following the establishment of Newtonian mechanics, and also score a victory in modern life sciences. Harveys research on blood circulation is the first application of Mechanistic natural view in exploring the structure and function of human body. Mechanism in Life Science Descartes ，1596-1650 In his The Description of the Human Body, 1662 , He saw the body as a machine. He believed the heat of the heart somehow caused all movement of the body. Heart he realized was pump, Blood vessels he realized were pipes. The internal organs is just like gears and springs, after winded up, they will begin moving. Mechanism in Life Science La Mettrie，1709－1751 In his best known work, Machine man, first published in 1747, La Mettrie extends Descartes argument that animals were mere automatons or machines to human beings, denying the existence of the soul as a substance separate from matter. So, in machine man, even soul was also a part of a machine. La mettrie was a French physician and philosopher, and one of the earliest of the French materialists of the Enlightenment. PHARMACY Significant advances Identify many new plants SURGERY Not many significant advances No anesthesia Blood-letting still common Practice in Renaissance * * 维萨里(Vesalius，A. 1514－1564) 在医学史上占有极重要的地位。他不但是真正人体解剖学的奠基人，也可以说是现代医学科学的创始人之一。他出身于医生家庭，年轻时求学于罗文学院，这所学院是人文主义者爱拉斯莫(Erasmus 1465-1536)及莫尔(More，T．1478-1535)等人创办的，维萨里深受这种古典主义的影响，并开始热爱自然科学，后于1533年又到蒙彼利埃和巴黎等大学学医，他对于巴黎大学的解剖课仍操在仆人之手的方法深感不满，于是他自己寻觅尸体进行解剖研究，1537年底他返回意大利，在意大利帕多瓦大学任教。该校当时正是全盛时期，欧洲各地的学者会集于此，他在这里得到了自由研究的机会，对新的思想有着共鸣，使他有可能完成大胆的创新工作。他勇敢