人体生理学 呼吸生理(中英双语)学习指导书.ppt

O2 content O2 content is the total amount of O2 carried in blood, including bound and dissolved O2, depends on the hemoglobin concentration and the Po2. Saturation of the hemoglobin. the percentage of hemoglobin bound with oxygen is called the percent saturation of the hemoglobin. 100ml血液中，Hb所能结合的最大O2 量称为氧容量。而实际结合的O2量 称为氧含量。氧含量和氧容量的 百分比为氧饱和度。 ? HbO2呈鲜红色，去氧Hb呈紫蓝 色。当表浅毛细血管血液中去氧 Hb含量达5g/100ml血液以上时，皮 肤、粘膜呈浅蓝色，称紫绀。 3、氧离曲线（oxygen dissociation curve） 是表示PO2与氧饱和度关系的曲线。呈S形。 上段：PO2 100~60mmHg 中段： PO2 60~40mmHg 下段： PO2 40~15mmHg 上段 PO2 100~60mmHg：曲线平坦，受O2分压影响小。是Hb与O2的结合阶段。 意义：当外环境或吸入气中的O2分压下降，造成血PO2降低时，仍能为机体摄取和携带足够的O2。 中段： PO2 60~40mmHg 曲线较陡，是HbO2释放O2的部分。 意义：当动脉血流经组织时，可释放出适量的O2 ，满足机体安静状态下对O2 的需求。 下段：PO2 40~15mmHg 曲线很陡，表明当O2分压稍有下降时，血氧饱和度将明显降低。也是Hb与O2的解离阶段。 意义：当动脉血流经活动增强的组织时，可释放足够的O2 ，满足活动增强组织对O2需求。 1. Hemoglobin combines rapidly and reversibly with O2 to form oxyhemoglobin. 2. The hemoglobin- O2 dissociation curve is a plot of saturation of hemoglobin as a function 函数of PO2. a. At a PO2 of 100 mm Hg (e.g., arterial blood) hemoglobin is almost 100% saturated; O2 is bound to all four heme groups on all hemoglobin molecules. The PO2 at 50% saturation is the P50. Fifty percent saturation means that, on average, two of the four heme groups of each hemoglobin molecule have O2 bound. The sigmoid shape of the curve is the result of a change in the affinity of hemoglobin as each successive O2 molecule binds to a heme site (called positive cooperativity). Binding of the first O2 molecule increases the affinity for the second O2 molecule, and so forth. The affinity for the fourth O2 molecule is the highest. This change in affinity facilitates the loading of O2 in the lungs (flat portion of the curve) and the unloading of O2 at the tissues (steep portion of the curve). In the lungs Alveolar gas has a PO2 of 100 mmHg. Pulmonary capillary blood is arterialized by the diffusion of O2 from alveolar gas into blood, so that the PO2 of pulmonary capillary blood also becomes 100