（毕业论文）石墨烯复合二氧化锡和红磷的制备及其钠离子电池性能研究.docVIP

摘要 钠离子电池负极材料是目前研究比较热门的一个方向。在众多负极材料中，金属氧化物二氧化锡和钠离子发生转化反应嵌钠理论容量（667 mAh g-1）。红磷目前已的钠离子电池负极材料中理论容量最高（2596 mAh g-1）外还具有的价格低，含量相对丰富等特点。但是二氧化锡和红磷本身作为钠离子电池负极具有一些相似的缺点，比如两者的导电性都比较差，其次两者在充放电过程中的体积都比较严重，本文主要从制备不同结构的石墨烯出发，利用石墨烯导电率和可塑性等优点改善上述材料。 首先提出了采用冰模板法制备具有三维结构的二氧化锡/石墨烯复合。通过优化二氧化锡和石墨烯的比例（二氧化锡含量为40.2%， 57.4%， 82.1%， 90.5%）得到最优的复合产物。通过X射线衍射，拉曼光谱，扫描和透射等手段对复合产物进行结构和形貌表征。这种三维结构石墨烯抑制了二氧化锡纳米颗粒之间的团聚现象，良好的导电性为纳米颗粒提供了一个多维的通道。使得复合材料表现了优异的循环和倍率性能。 其次针对红磷本身存在的缺点，设计制备了石墨烯卷红磷复合材料。通过简单的浮选方式获得纳米尺寸的红磷颗粒（100-150 nm），然后利用剥离的氧化石墨片层和液氮的快速冷冻作用制备得到了不同负载量的复合产物。实验结果表明，结构的在250 mA g-1条件下的首圈容量为 mAh g-1，循环150周期以后其可逆容量 mAh g-1，容量保持率相比第二圈而言为92.3%。这种复合材料具有良好的性能主要归功于两点：一方面，通过浮选方式得到的纳米化的红磷颗粒在石墨烯卷中比较好的分散，没有明显的团聚，使得在充放电过程中的粉化和团聚现象减小。另一方面，石墨烯卷比较好的将红磷颗粒包裹在中间，抑制了红磷在充放电过程中的体积膨胀，电极材料保持较好的完整性。Abstract Among all anode materials of sodium ion batteries (SIBs), SnO2 is very promising. It can storage Na by conversion reaction, thus leading to a high theoretical capacity of 667 mAh g-1. Meanwhile, phosphorus, which has the highest theoretical capacity (2596 mAh g-1) among all the anode materials for sodium ion battery, is also very cheap and environmental friendly. However, both two anode materials suffer from severe volume expansion during the electrochemical process. During the sodiation process, the SnO2 undertakes a conversion process to the formation of Na15Sn4 accompanying with volume expansion of 520%, while the phosphorus reacts with Na+ to form Na3P (volume expansion of 490%). To overcome those obstacles, graphene, which possesses high conductivity and flexibility, is one of the most appealing candidates. Herein we design and synthesize different structures of graphene to improve the electrochemical performance. On one hand, three dimensional graphene (3DG) was synthesized through an ice-templated method and then loaded with different contents of SnO2 (40.2%, 57.4%,82.1% and 90.5%) nanoparticles by a hydrothermal process. The 3DG in the composite not only provides high conductivity and multidimensional pathways