细菌真菌的区别与联系.doc

相同点：结构上都有细胞膜、细胞壁（成分不同）、细胞质、核糖体，组成上都有DNA、RNA、蛋白质、水、糖类、脂类等等 The same point: the structure has a cell membrane, cell wall (different components), cytoplasm, ribosomes, the composition of both DNA, RNA, protein, water, carbohydrates, lipids, etc.不同点：细胞和真菌的不同点：生物类型、结构、大小、增殖方式和名称上都有不同： different points Biological type, structure, size, proliferation, and the name has a different way一、生物类型First, no bacteria membrane surrounding the nucleus formation, are prokaryotes; fungi membrane surrounding formation nucleus, are eukaryotes. 一是就有无成形的细胞核来看：细菌没有核膜包围形成的细胞核，属于原核生物；真菌有核膜包围形成的细胞核，属于真核生物。 二是就组成生物的细胞数目来看：细菌全部是由单个细胞构成，为单细胞型生物；真菌既有由单个细胞构成的单细胞型生物（如酵母菌），也有由多个细胞构成的多细胞型生物（如食用菌、霉菌等）。 The second is the number of cells on the formation of biological point of view: All bacteria constituted by a single cell, single-cell organisms; fungi both constituted by a single cell, single-cell organisms (such as yeast), there are also constituted by a plurality of cells multi-cell organisms (such as fungi, molds, etc.).二、细胞结构 细菌和真菌都具有细胞结构，属于细胞型生物，在它们的细胞结构中都具有细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞质，但却存在诸多不同，具体表现在： 一是细胞壁的成分不同：细菌细胞壁的主要成分是肽聚糖，而真菌细胞壁的主要成分是几丁质。 First, the cell wall composition is different: the bacterial cell wall The main component of peptidoglycan, which is the main component of fungal cell wall chitin. 二是细胞质中的细胞器组成不同：细菌只有核糖体一种细胞器；而真菌除具有核糖体外，还有内质网、高尔基体、线粒体、中心体等多种细胞器。 Second, the cytoplasmic organelles different composition: Bacterial ribosomes only an organelle; the fungi in vitro in addition to a ribose, and the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, other organelles centrosome. 三是细菌没有成形的细胞核，只有拟核；真菌具有。 Three bacteria without forming the nucleus, only to be core; fungi. 四是细菌没有染色体，其DNA分子单独存在；真菌细胞核中的DNA与蛋白质结合在一起形成染色体（染色质）。 Fourth, no bacterial chromosome, the DNA molecule alone; fungal DNA in the nucleus together to form the chromosomal proteins (chromatin). is not included.三、细胞大小 原核细胞一般较小，直径一般为1μm~10μm；真核细胞较大，直径一般为10μm~100μm。 Third, the cell size is ge