粉末冶金技术论文.doc

粉末冶金技术 摘要：粉末冶金是制取金属或用金属粉末（或金属粉末与非金属粉末的混合物）作为原料，经过成形和烧结，制造金属材料、复合以及各种类型制品的工艺技术。粉末冶金法与生产陶瓷有相似的地方，因此，一系列粉末冶金新技术也可用于陶瓷材料的制备。粉末冶金材料是指用几种金属粉末或金属与非金属粉末作原料，通过配料、压制成形、烧结等工艺过程而制成的材料。这种工艺过程成为粉末冶金法，是一种不同于熔炼和铸造的方法。其生产过程与陶瓷制品相类似，所以又称金属陶瓷法。粉末冶金法不仅是制取具有某些特殊性能材料的方法，也是一种无切削或少切削的加工方法。它具有生产率高、材料利用率高、节省机床和生产占地面积等优点。但金属粉末和模具费用高，制品大小和形状受到一定限制，制品的韧性较差。粉末冶金法常用于制作硬质合金、减摩材料、结构材料、摩擦材料、难熔金属材料、过滤材料、金属陶瓷、无偏析高速工具钢、磁性材料、耐热材料等。 关键词：粉末冶金、基本工序、应用、发展方向、问题及机遇 Powder metallurgy technology (11 grade material class two) Abstract: Powder metallurgy is used for preparing metal or metal powder (or metal powder and metal powder mixture) as raw material, after forming and sintering, manufacture of metal materials, composite and various types of products technology.Powder metallurgy method and the production of ceramic have similar place, therefore, a series of new powder metallurgy technologies can also be used for preparing ceramic material. Powder metallurgy materials refers to the use of several kinds of metal powder or metal and non metal powder as raw material, through mixing, pressing, sintering process and made of materials.The process to become powder metallurgy method, is different from the melting and casting method.Its production process and ceramic products are similar, so called ceramic metal.Powder metallurgy method not only has some special properties of material preparation method, is also a kind of without cutting or less cutting processing method. It has high productivity, high material utilization rate, saving machine tools and production area etc..But the metal powder and high mold cost, product size and shape are subject to certain restrictions, flexibility is poor.Powder metallurgy method often used for the production of hard alloy, antifriction material, structural material, friction material, refractory metal materials, filter materials, metal ceramic, no segregation in high speed tool steel, magnetic materials, heat resistant materials. Key words: powder metallurgy, basic process, a