Mineral Supplementation for Beef, Goats Sheep.ppt

Mineral Supplementation forBeef, Goats Sheep Short-termvs.Long-termEffects Mineral nutrition important for optimum production Macro Micro Minerals Macro Salt (NaCl) Calcium (Ca) Phosphorous (P) Magnesium (Mg) Potassium (K) Sulfur (S) Micro Copper (Cu) Selenium (Se) Zinc (Zn) Manganese (Mn) Cobalt (Co) Iron (Fe) Chromium (Cr) Molybdenum (Mo) Iodine (I) Nickel (Ni) Legal? Amount Formula Feed Mixing Mineral Free-choice Label claims Ingredient Legal? Selenium Antibiotics Rumensin Chelates Organic selenium FEB-200 Many feed companies and many different complex formulas equals confusion Major minerals in % Micro (trace) minerals %, mg/kg or ppm Don’t get confused… mg/kg equals ppm Percentage to mg/kg (ppm) Move decimal 4 places to the right e.g. 0.3% = 3,000 ppm General Functions of Minerals Nutrient Metabolism Reproduction Immune Function Nerve Function Deficiencies Difficult to assess. May be lower weight gains, reduced milk and/or decreased repro without visable signs. Also decreased immune function. Factors Influencing Mineral Utilization from Forage Dry matter intake Forage mineral content Forage mineral availability Antagonists Beef Cow Req vs. Fescue (%) Beef Cow Req vs. Fescue(ppm or mg/kg) Availability from Forage Availability in Supplement Mineral Antagonists Feed Water Mineral supplement Mineral Review Salt (NaCl) Electrolyte balance Need for sodium (they will consume minerals to meet the need for salt) Calcium (Ca) Least likely to be deficient in forage Legumes contain high level Cheap Don’t use high levels in supplement for grazing cattle Phosphorous (P) May be def. esp. w/high production Forage content decreases w/maturity Grain is high in P Expensive Pasture Ca:P ratio Dietary ratio 1:1 to 7:1 In supplement – 3:1 to 2:1 grass 2:1 – 1:1 mixed 1:2 clover Magnesium (Mg) Associated with Grass tetany High K and N reduce absorption Potassium (K) Weaned or newly received calves need short term suppl. Iron (Fe) Assoc with RBC (hemoglobin) Ane