试讲-英语定语从句详解.pptx

定语从句The Attributive clause定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语前置定语定语用来对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，/view/26580.htm名词，/view/141.htm代词，/view/84313.htm数词，/view/26744.htm分词，/view/149.htm副词，不定式以及/view/1211524.htm介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。后置定语短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 定语从句定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。先行词关系词/引导词引导定语从句的词叫关系词被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词先行词=关系词/引导词This is the bike which my father bought for me.which 代替 bike定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系代词引导词关系副词关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when, where, why1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词在从句中的位置 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分引导词的作用关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代的先行词充当从句的成分省略否who人主语、宾语关系代词在句中作宾语时可以省略whom人宾语whose人/事定语that人/物主语、宾语、表语which事/物主语、宾语、表语as人/物/事主语、宾语、表语关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.关系代词引导的定语从句3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)关系代词引导的定语从句5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?that和which的区别11、下面情况不用that: ①介词后面： This is the book about 　which　we are talking n