存在句培训教案.pptVIP

第28讲 存在句 存在句的结构模式There+be+NP+Locative Expression ( +Temporal Expresion) 1、存在句的引导词 引导词there在句中居于主语的位置，实义主语虽是随后的名词词组，但there起形式主语的作用，在疑问句中，它和操作词倒装： Are there any people in the hall? 存在句的非限定形式 * * Existential Sentence. 要区别存在句的there和句首状语there，前者不重读，后者重读。 比较：There is no bus now.(引导词there) There is our bus.(状语there) 2、 存在句的实义主语 在存在句中作实义主语的名词词组通常是非确定特指，即通常有不定冠词、零冠词及其他表示非确定意义的限定词， 如some,any,no,several,many，much，more,(a)few，以及基数词等，而且名词中心词可以带有前置、后置修饰语。例如： There is a cherry tree in my garden. There are roses in the flowers beds. There are fifteen students in my class. 作为存在句实义主语的名词词组也可由some-,any-,no-,的合成词构成。如： There’s something (that) you don’t know. There is nothing more to do. Is there anyone coming to dinner? 基本句型凡带有非确定特指的名词词组者，一般都可用there存在句予以转换。例如： SV句型： No one was waiting. →There was no one waiting. SVC句型： Something must be wrong. →There must be something wrong. SVO句型： Plenty of people are getting promotion. →There are plenty of people getting promotion. SVoO句型： Something is causing her distress. →There’s something causing her distress. → SVOC句型： Two bulldozers have been knocking the place flat. →There have been two bulldozers knocking the place flat. SVA句型： Was anyone around? →Was there anyone around? SVOA句型： A girl is putting the kettle on. →There’s a girl putting the kettle on. 3. 存在句的谓语动词 存在句的谓语动词主要是动词be的某种形式，可以是限定形式，也可以是非限定形式。先讲be限定形式。限定形式可以是be的一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成体或过去完成体。 Eg: There ‘s a train due to arrive There have been many such accidents 也可以是表示“预见 、可能 、必然”或“过去习惯存在的动词+不定式（包括完成体形式） Eg:There can be very little doubt about hie guilt. Mustn’t there be another reason for his behavior. 也可以是半助动词+不定式。 Eg: There’s going to be a storm. There’s to be an investingation. 以上三类动词形式是限定形式的主体。 除be外，某些表示存在概念的不及物动词如exist，remain，happen，occur，come，arise，stand，lie，live等，也能用于there存在句。如果是地点状语可以省略there. 1 作介词补足成分 两种结构都可以作介词补足成分。如果介词是for,便只能用there to be结构。 Eg: For there to be so few people in the streets was