社心知识点.docVIP

不需要背的 self-concept :A person’s answers to the question “Who am I ?” P37 自我概念：我们对于“我是谁”这个问题的了解。 self-schema :Beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing of self-relevant information.P37 自我图式：组织和引导我们对自我相关信息的加工的关于自身的信念。 social identity （社会同一性的范围）P37 Your self-concept contains not just your personal identity (your sense of your personal attributes) but also your social identity. The social definition of who you are-your race, religion, gender, academic major, and so forth-implies, too, a definition of who you are not. 你的自我概念包括了不只是你的个人身份（你的个人属性）还有你的社会身份。对于“你是谁”的社会定义有你的民族，信仰，性别，学术专业等等，也暗示着你不是谁的定义。 self-esteem :A person’s overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth.P51 自尊：个人的全面自我评价或自我价值感 self-serving bias : The tendency to perceive oneself favorable.P61 自我服务偏差：察觉自己有利的倾向。 self-presentation: 1 false modesty 2 self-handicapping 3 impression management P69 自我表现：1虚假的谦虚 2自我妨碍 3印象管理 attribution theory: The theory of how people explain others’ behavior; for example, by attributing it either to internal dispositions(enduring traits, motives, and attitudes) or to external.P100 归因理论：人们如何解释他们行为的理论；例如，通过把它归因于内在性格（持久的特质，动机和态度）或归因于外在。 P102 Harold Kelly’s Theory of attributions凯利的归因理论 例子：教师甲总是批评学生A教师甲在一个特定的情境下只批评了A，而没有批评其他学生所有的教师都批评学生A，教师甲也批评了学生A’ behavior. (Also called correspondence bias, because we so often see behavior as corresponding to a disposition.)P102 基本归因错误：人们在观察别人的行为时低估了情境性影响和高估倾向性影响的一种倾向。（也叫作对应偏差，因为我们经常把行为看作是与性格相一致的。） self-awareness: A self-conscious state in which attention focuses on oneself. It makes people more sensitive to their own attitudes and dispositions. P107 自我觉知：注意力集中在自己身上的自我意识状态。这使人们对自己的态度和性格更加敏感。 When attitudes predict behavior P121 if these “other influences” are minimized, if the attitude corresponds very closely to the predict behavior(as in voting studies) if the attitude is potent (because something reminds us of it, or because we acquired it by direct experience) 态度何时能预测行为 如果把“其他因素的影响”最小化 如果态度与预测的行为（比如对投票的研究）紧密相