RS与GIS支持下的黄土丘陵沟壑区农村居民点空间分布格局研究.doc

RS与GIS支持下的黄土丘陵沟壑区农村居民点空间分布格局研究 ——以甘谷县为例 韩文超，杨旺明，靳学涛 （西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院，甘肃兰州 730070） 摘要：本作品根据2008 年SPOT 遥感影像得到甘谷县农村居民点空间分布信息，继而应用 GIS 空间数据分析技术与景观生态学方法，研究甘谷县农村居民点景观格局与空间分布特征，分析了农村居民点分布与自然环境、生产环境、社会经济环境因素的关系。并且运用样方分析法、最近邻距离指数、K 函数、热点探测技术研究了甘谷县农村居民点空间分布格局与模式。结果显示：（1）居民点的空间分布具有明显的空间依赖性，总体上呈现出轻微集聚分布的特点；（2）随着研究尺度的变大，居民点空间分布的集聚性指数也增大；（3）居民点空间分布的热点区域在微观尺度上具有空间随机性、在中观尺度上具有边界集中性、宏观尺度上具有面状集中性的特点；（4）甘谷县农村居民点空间分布的密度大小、规模、形状特征区域差异明显；农村居民点分布格局受坡度、高程、坡向、农用地以及河流和交通道路等自然环境、生产环境和社会经济环境的综合影响；农村居民点在总体上呈现出轻度集聚分布的态势。 关键词：黄土丘陵沟壑区；农村居民点；空间分布；点模式分析；景观格局；甘谷县 Spatial distribution pattern research supportted by RS and GIS of rural residential areas in loess hilly-gully region: a Case Study of Gangu County HAN Wen-chao,YANG Wang-ming,JIN Xue-tao （College of Geographic and Environmental Science，Northwest Normal University，Lanzhou 730070，China） Abstract：The information of rural settlements distribution in Gangu County is acquired by SPOT images (2008). Using the GIS spatial data analysis techniques and methods of landscape ecology，the rural residential landscape patterns and spatial distribution characteristics in Gangu County were studied，and the interactional relationship between the distribution changes of rural residential land and three environmental aspects including natural environment，product environment and social-economic environment was analyzed. Then the patterns of settlements distribution are investigated by quadrat analysis，nearest neighbor index，Ripley′s K function and hot spots analysis. The result indicate that （1）rural settlements distribution in Gangu is spatial dependent and clumped on the whole.（2）The degree of settlements agglomeration increases as the investigation scale increasing.（3）The distribution of hot spots of settlements is characterize by spatial random in micro-scale，boundary aggregation in medium-scale and district structure in macro-scale.（4）Studies have shown that the regional differences in density，size，size and shape features of rural residential areas of Gangu