组织学与胚胎学HISTOLOGYEMBRYOLOGY-BINZHOUMEDICAL.ppt

组织学与胚胎学HISTOLOGY EMBRYOLOGY 霍冠华 Huo Guanhua 滨州医学院组织学与胚胎学教研室 Department of Histology Embryology Binzhou Medical University September, 2013 第1章 绪论 Chapter 1 Introduction Histology Embryology is composed of 2 related sciences. 一、组织学与胚胎学的研究内容及意义 The contents and importance of HE 组织学（histology）:是研究机体微细结构及其相关功能的科学。 在组织、细胞、亚细胞和分子水平对机体进行研究 A science: study normal micro-structure its related function of human body. 光镜结构:Microstructure 电镜结构: Ultrastructure 描述组织学与描述胚胎学descriptive histology embryology ：用显微镜观察人体组织结构和胚胎发生过程形态演变的科学。 Descriptive histology embryology ： Observes human tissue structures and the process of embryogenesis and the development. 比较组织学与比较胚胎学comparative histology and embryology:比较不同种系动物的组织结构功能和胚胎发育过程的科学。 Comparative histology and embryology: Compares tissue structure and the process of embryogenesis and the development in different species. 实验组织学与实验胚胎学experimental histology and embryology：应用实验方法研究细胞与组织之间的关系，以及理化因子或生物因素对组织结构功能和生长发育的影响、作用机理及其防治的科学。 Experimental histology： Studies the relationship between cells and tissues in vivo. Experimental embryology: Studies the mechanisms controlling the individual development of animals, even human being, by means of experiments in vivo, using such methods as marking, removal, transplantation, and isolation of body parts and organs. It also studies the action of various external factors (physical, chemical or biological factors) on embryonic development, and explores control or prevention methods. Experimental embryology identifies the stages of the determination of the material of rudimentary organs and tissues, the sources of formative or inductive influences, the role of synthesis of macromolecules in the processes of determination and differentiation, and the factors responsible for morphogenesis. By removing, inactivating, or transplanting cell nuclei, experimental embryologists investigate the interaction of the nucleus and cytoplasm during gametogenesis and em