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Lean Sigma Glossary / Abbreviation List Acronym Definition Description ? Alpha The maximum risk or probability of making a Type I Error. This probability is always greater than zero and is usually established at 5%. The researcher makes the decisions to the greatest level of risk that is acceptable for a rejection of Ho. ? Beta The risk or probability of making a Type II Error, or overlooking an effective treatment or solution to the problem. ? Population mean Symbol used to describe the average for an entire population ? Population standard deviation Symbol used for standard deviation of entire population. Measure of the spread of the process (width of the distribution). % R R Gage % Repeatability and Reproducibility Addresses what percent of the Total Variation is taken up by measurement error. Affinity Diagram A management tool that assists with general planning. It makes disparate language information understandable by placing it on cards and grouping the cards together in a creative manner. Header cards are used to summarize each group. ANOVA Analysis of Variance Hypothesis test used to analyze the difference in means between two or more samples. Assessment A systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to determine the current, historical or projected status of an organization. Assignable Cause The name for the source of variation in a process that is not due to chance and therefore can be identified and eliminated. Audit The inspection and examination of a process or quality system to ensure compliance to requirements. Audit can apply to an entire organization or be specific to a function or production step. (Dr. Joseph M. Juran) Baseline Measurement A beginning point based on an evaluation of the output over a period of time to determine how the process performs prior to any improvement effort. Benchmarking The process of finding and adapting best practices to improve organizational performance. Best Practice A supe