线上电脑模拟的设计,应用,与研究专用课件.pptVIP

線上電腦模擬的設計、應用、與研究 劉漢欽 國立嘉義大學教育科技研究所 Agenda About computer simulations Projects Design Application Research 所謂”模擬” (Simulations): The technique of imitating the behaviour of some situation or process (whether economic, military, mechanical, etc.) by means of a suitably analogous situation or apparatus, especially for the purpose of study or personnel training. - Oxford English Dictionary 模擬的重要特質 (Gredler, 2004) An adequate model of the complex real-world situation with which the student interacts (referred to as fidelity or validity), A defined role for each participant, with responsibilities and constraints, A data-rich environment that permits students to execute a range of strategies, from targeted to “shotgun” decision making, and Feedback for participant actions in the form of changes in the problem or situation. 電腦模擬的大概分類 (Gredler, 2004) 實驗性模擬（Experimental simulations） Social process simulations Diagnostic simulations Data management simulations 符號、數字性模擬（Symbolic simulations） Laboratory research simulations System simulations 其他 Problem-based exercises with simulated materials Virtual reality Why Computer Simulations in Science Classrooms? 避免實際實驗的危險性 方便重複實驗 降低實驗成本 減少影響實驗觀察的變項 視覺化微觀或是分子層面的自然現象 視覺化事件或程序的流程 促進合作式學習 電腦模擬設計與使用實例 The Use and Improvement of ThinkerTools in Learning of Newtonian Motion Among Middle School Students. Research on the use of ThinkerTools package and improvement of ThinkerTools software. Chemistry Experiment Simulations and Conceptual Computer Animations. Chemical Education Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2001-2004. ThinkerTools 由 The Graduate School of Education at University of California 和 Berkeley and the Educational Testing Service 共同開發 ThinkerTools 麥金塔系統上的牛頓力學模擬工具。 ThinkerTools 學生可以改變運動物體運動時的相關變數。 ThinkerTools 利用真實的實驗和模擬來鷹架科學探索。 Reasons How students interact with ThinkerTools? Reasons Will ThinkerTools motivate student learning? Reasons Will students have problems using ThinkerTools? Stu