英汉翻译第1-2 总结供参习.docVIP

第一章 翻译概论 1.The definition of translation Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. Scope of translation Oral interpretation(解释 翻译 说明) 口译 Abridged(删节 缩短 减少)translation 选译 翻译的条件 掌握必要的翻译理论和技巧 加强英汉两种语言的修养、拓宽知识面 “译”精于勤 三要 ①正确理解原文词义 ②要掌握与两种语言相关的文化背景知识 ③要弄清原文结构 三不要 ①不要逐字死译 I had not known you a month before I felt that you were the last man in the world whom I could ever be prevailed on to （被说服）marry. ②不要使译文逻辑连贯失调 ③不要炫耀文笔 背景知识与翻译 历史背景 “ If that picture is genuine, I’m a Dutchman（荷兰人）!” 如果那幅画是真的，我就不是人。（英国和荷兰的战争） 地理环境 drink like a fish, as close as an oyster（牡蛎 耗） 守口如瓶 宗教信仰 ①John can be relied on. He eats no fish. 约翰为人可靠，他很忠诚。 ②Speak of angels, and you will hear their wings; talk of the devil, and he’s sure to appear. 说曹操，曹操到。 ③Love is blind. 情人眼里出西施。 风俗习惯 ①You look darker after the holidays. 你度假回来看起来更健康了。 ②All the children have got married. 老儿子娶媳妇——大事完毕。 孩子们都结婚走了。 ③Drug : 药; 大麻（美俚） 社会政治 文学艺术 ①Work like a horse 像老黄牛一样干活。 ②As strong as a horse ③As stupid as a goose ④Wet like a drown rat ⑤A white Christmas 银装素裹／大雪纷飞的圣诞节 翻译练习 From there I could see the whole valley below, the fields, the river, and the village. It was all very beautiful, and the sight of it filled me with longing. 从这里望下去，整个山谷一览无遗，只见那田野、河流和村庄，全都美不胜收，真叫我心驰神往。 习语练习 1. Actions speak louder than words. 1. 事实胜于雄辩。 2. A fall into a pit，a gain in your wit. 2. 吃一堑，长一智。 3. A good conscience（道德心 良心）is a soft pillow. 3. 不做亏心事，不怕鬼敲门。 4. All good things come to an end. 4. 天下没有不散的筵席。 5. All rivers run into sea. 5. 海纳百川。 6. As a man sows, so he shall reap（收获 收割）. 6. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 7. A word spoken is past recalling. 7. 一言既出，驷马难追。 8. Bad news has wings. 8. 好事不出门，坏事传千里。 9. Beauty lies in the loves eyes. 9. 情人眼里出西施。（Love is blind） 10. Birds of a feather flock（聚集 成群而行） together. 10. 物以类聚，人以群分。 11. Constant dripping wears aw