Unit 6 New Technologies.pptVIP

计算机专业英语（第3版） Unit 6 New Technologies 6.1 Artificial Intelligence 6.2 Virtual Reality 6.3 Neural Network 6.1 Artificial Intelligence The concept of artificial intelligence (AI) is something which can be considered in two parts: “what is the nature of artificial” and “what is intelligence”? Study of animals and artificial systems which are not simply models of what already exists are also considered highly relevant. Strong Artificial Intelligence and Weak Artificial Intelligence Strong artificial intelligence research deals with the creation of some form of computer-based artificial intelligence that can truly reason and solve problems. Human-like AI Non-human-like AI Weak artificial intelligence research deals with the creation of some form of computer-based AI that can reason and solve problems only in a limited domain. There are several fields of weak AI, one of which is nature language. AI Theory AI theory also draws from animal studies, in particular with insects, which are easier to emulate as robots, as well as animals with more complex cognition, including apes. “Neat”, classical or symbolic AI research, in general, involves symbolic manipulation of abstract concepts, and is the methodology used in most expert systems. Parallel to this are the “scruffy”, or “connectionist”, approaches, of which neural networks are the best-known example, which try to evolve intelligence through building systems and then improving them through some automatic process. The Development of AI AI research was very heavily funded in the 1980s by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency in the United States and by the fifth generation computer systems project in Japan. Over the following decade, many AI researchers moved into related areas with more modest goals such as machine learning, robotics, and computer vision, though research in pure AI continued at reduced levels. The Basic Subjects of AI Research Solutions to hard problems Automatic translation Intelligent