张希院士《科技写作体会》-2011-5-21博士生论坛预案.ppt

* * * * * 同样的构筑基元，不同的组装方式， 可以有不一样的效果。 * 要敢于挑战权威，具有批判思维。 * 英文文体上的一些要点 不要将名词误用为副词 不合适的： reaction product 正确的： product of the reaction 2）在“this”后面必须接名词，这样“this”所指的对象就会更加清楚 不合适的： this is a fast reaction 正确的： this reaction is fast 3) 描述实验结果一律要用过去时态 不合适的： Addition of water gives product 正确的： addition of water gave product 4) 尽可能使用主动语态 不合适的： It was observed that the solution turned red. 正确的： The solution turned red Or We observed that the solution turned red. 5) 所有的比较都应该是完整的 不合适的： The yield was higher using bromine. 正确的： The yield was higher using bromine than chlorine. Word Variety To repeat ordinary words usually is a bad thing! To repeat technical words often is a good thing! e.g. different: diverse, various, varied, use a verb (differ, vary) used, using: applied, empolyed, equipped with,with, by, by mean of show: indicate, explain, demonstrate, exhibit, reveal, display, illustrate, suggest English words needing special care indicates: this is a stronger word than “suggest” suggests: weaker than “indicates” verify: too strong? “Obviously” and “clearly” mean about the same, but prefer clearly to obviously, which is slightly rude. “Evidently” and “apparently” are much weaker words; they suggest some doubt. To which journal should you submit your paper? Submit your in terms of impact factor??? Consider the scope and readership of the journal! The easiest way to make a choice: to submit your paper to a journal in which people working in the same field often publish their work. （二）博士论文的写作注意事项 What is dissertation? A lengthy, formal treatise, especially one written by a candidate for the doctoral degree at a university. 博士论文：有 一定长度的正式论文 作为导师， 我主要关心什么？ -科学问题：解决了什么科学问题或技术问题？是否是关键问题？ -系统性：围绕某个科学问题，开展了一些列研究，各章节之间相互关联程度高。 -深度或高度：论文不是简单的实验报告，而是对某方面有深入和系统的认识。 -严格科研训练：是否已有独立提出、分析和解决问题的能力，是否掌握了各种实验方法？是否具备了很强书面和口头表达能力？自己的心理素质如何？ 博士论文的评委最关心什么？ -新意： 创新性不明显可反映在：国内外已有大量相关工作发表，跟踪性研究；定性分析很多，理论分析很少，缺乏深度；发表论文太多，但都不在很好的专业期刊；各章之间的关联度不高…… -结论：是否令人信服？有足够的实验数据支持? 结论与已有文献是否不同？