宏观经济学第九章 收入核算.ppt

Page ? * Page213 Suppose government spending and taxes are raised in equal amounts and thus in the new equilibrium the budget surplus is unchanged. The answer is that for this special experiment the multiplier is equal to 1 output rises by the increase in government spending and no more. The balanced budget multiplier Page ? * Page213 The pull-employment budget surplus The pull-employment budget surplus measures the budget surplus at the pull-employment level of income or at potential output. Why not BS? The budget surplus by itself suffers from a serious defect as a measure of the direction of fiscal policy. Explanation! The surplus can change because of changes in autonomous private spending. Page214 BS≡tY-G-TR BS*≡tY*-G-TR BS*-BS=t(Y*-Y) analyst The difference between actual and full-employment budget is the cyclical compoent of the budget .In a recession the cyclical compent tends to show a decift , and in a boom there may even be a surplus. Warning ! There is no certainty as to the true full-employment level of output. second first The high-employment surplus is not a perfect measure of the thrust of fiscal policy but is nevertheless a useful guide to the direction of fiscal policy. Page ? * 单击添加文字内容 1 单击添加文字内容 2 单击添加文字内容 3 谢谢观看 本作品采用知识共享署名-非商业性使用 2.5 中国大陆许可协议进行许可。 专业交流 模板超市 设计服务 本作品的提供是以适用知识共享组织的公共许可（ 简称“CCPL” 或 “许可”） 条款为前提的。本作品受著作权法以及其他相关法律的保护。对本作品的使用不得超越本许可授权的范围。 如您行使本许可授予的使用本作品的权利，就表明您接受并同意遵守本许可的条款。在您接受这些条款和规定的前提下，许可人授予您本许可所包括的权利。 查看全部… NordriDesign?中国专业PowerPoint媒体设计与开发 Chapter 9 Income and spending Contents 9.6 The full-employment budget surplus 9.5 The budget 9.4 The government section 9.3 The multiplier 9.2 The consumption function and Aggregate demand 9.1 Aggregate demand and equilibrium output Page ? * Page 195 AD=C+I+G+NX Aggregate demand C I G NX Page ? * 非均衡时 均衡时 非均衡时 均衡时 Not in equilibrium In equilibrium Y=AD=C+I+G+NX Y=AD+IU IU IF : IU0,YAD Reduce production IU0, YAD Increase p