机械基础绪论(工科专业).ppt

机械设计基础fundament of Mechanical Design Retrospect of the mechanical engineering history 五千年前已开始使用简单的纺织机械；晋朝时在连机椎和水碾中应用了凸轮原理；西汉时应用轮系传动原理制成了指南车和记里鼓车；东汉张衡发明的候风地动仪是世界上第一台地震仪。目前许多机械中仍在采用的青铜轴瓦和金属人字圆柱齿轮，在我国东汉年代的文物中都可以找到它们的原始形态。 Retrospect of the mechanical engineering history 18世纪初以蒸汽机的出现为代表产生了第一次工业革命，人们开始设计制造各种各样的机械，例如纺织机、火车、汽轮船。 Retrospect of the mechanical engineering history 19世纪到20世纪初的第二次产业革命，随着内燃机的出现，促进了汽车、飞机等运输工具的出现和发展。 Retrospect of the mechanical engineering history 20世纪中后期，以机电一体化技术为代表，在机器人，航空航天，海洋舰船等领域开发出了众多高新机械产品，如火箭、卫星、宇宙飞船、空间站、航空母舰、深海探测器等 Retrospect of the mechanical engineering history 展望刚刚到来的21世纪，智能机械、微型机构、仿生机械的蓬勃发展，将促进材料、信息、计算机技术、自动化等领域的交叉与融合，进一步丰富和发展机械基础学科知识。 Retrospect of the mechanical engineering history Perhaps, we are difficult to prospect the development of mechanical science and technology . But, during the boundless journey of machine innovation, people have unused many basic knowledge of mechanical design . All these knowledge provide us with groundwork of understanding and changing external world. Introduction What are we going to study in this course? The teaching status of this course Design requirement and process “innovation” §0-1 the object and content to be investigated §0-1 the object and content to be investigated example：internal-combustion engine The Object to be investigated Machine 1. Composed of man-made elements 2. The elements arranged to transmit motion 3. Can transmit energy, and fulfill certain work for human being * * There are many eximious invention and creation in ancient china Jean spinning machine The first steam engine invented by a French Military officer Car with the brand --“雷诺” come out in 1898 In 1927 An American called Lindberg flied Across the Atlantic Ocean with this air plane The inner combustion engine pushed the invention of Automobile and airplane forward Modern car “black eagle ” helicopter made by American sycasythe company Retrospect of the mechanical engineering history The space