综述空间及生境的富丰度对动物行为的影响.docVIP

 空间及生境的丰富度对动物行为的影响 索朗达瓦[1] 王冠宇[2] 付庆冰[2] 李顺[2] 曲珩[2] 苏付山[2] 阿卜杜艾尼[2] 摘要 生物生存的环境的优劣,对于生物物种的延续和繁衍非常重要。对动物而言,由于其具有可移动性特征,能够通过选择适合的生境来调整自己与环境之间的相互关系,使自己处于最佳状态。空间是个体生存的必需资源之一。不论在自然生态环境还是人工圈养环境，生存空间都可能成为动物行为的限制因子。自然环境中的野生动物通过行为改变它们与环境的关系，包括积极寻找有利的生存空间和主动避开不利的环境。但是在圈养情况下，动物对外来干扰的反应能力是有限的。圈养环境对动物有短期和长期的影响，并可能最终改变动物的行为模式甚至遗传结构。圈养环境中长大的动物个体由于缺乏行为的表达空间，仅仅表现出刚性大的行为，许多弹性大的行为会丧失。从而导致动物行为的多样性下降。因而，在保存濒危物种时必须充分考虑动物行为的刚性与弹性以及动物行为的表达空间，以保证这些个体行为的正常发育。 关键词：空间，生境, 刚性行为，弹性行为，逃避空间, 迁徙空间 Space and habitat richness on animal behavior Abstract :The pros and cons of living things the environment is very important for the continuation and proliferation of biological species. Of animals, due to their mobility characteristics of the mutual relations between themselves and the environment can be adjusted by selecting the appropriate habitat, so that in the best condition. Space is one of the resources necessary for individual survival. Both in the natural ecological environment or in captivity environment, the living space may become the limiting factor of animal behavior. Wildlife in the natural environment through behavior change their relationship with the environment, including actively looking for a favorable living space and take the initiative to avoid the unfavorable environment. However, in a captive situation, the animal the ability to respond to external interference is limited. Captivity short-term and long-term effects on animals, and may ultimately change the behavior patterns of animals or genetic structure. Grew up in individual animals in captivity due to the lack of expression of the behavior space, just to show the rigidity of behavior, many of the elastic behavior will be lost. Resulting in lower diversity of animal behavior. Thus, in the conservation of endangered species must take full account of animal behavior, rigidity and flexibility as well as animal behavior space to express, in order to ensure the normal development of these indiv