自考现代英语语法习学笔记第九章形容词短语和比较.docxVIP

第九章 形容词短语和比较 Adjective Phrase and Comparison9.0 Introduction 1. 形容词的四个特征：1)修饰作用，2)补语，3)可接加强词very做前置修饰，4)有比较级和最高级9.1.1 Structure of the Adjective Phrase(Pre-modification) + Head Word + (Post-modification) *Head word is an adjective, Pre-modification is invariably Adv.考点1He is an extremely intelligent person. He was afraid to fall again.9.1.2 Attributive adj. and Predicative adj. 修饰语补语1. Attributive adj. and Predicative adj. 修饰语补语形容词短语修饰名词可做Pre-modification Post Modification, 前置修饰后置修饰Pre-modifier时，形容词短语在冠词和名词之间. An interesting story. All these certain ideas.Post-modifier时，形容词短语往往由几个形容词组成，或者使用形容词自带的修饰语，而不用单个的形容词修饰.All the people old and young. The women anxious to keep up with the Joneses. * 单个形容词在下面几种情况中可以单独后置修饰名词。 1) designate, elect, galore, incarnate…等直接用于名词后； The minister designate; the present elect 2) broad, deep, high, long, tall, old, thick, wide..表示测量意义的名词： six feet tall, three meters wide.. 3) concerned, involved, present, proper, responsible等在前置修饰和后置修饰时意义不同的词。 4) affected, available, required, suggested,等用在名词前后意义没有任何变化的词. Available info / info available.2. 除了修饰作用，形容词还可以当主语补语或者宾语补语. 大部分名词具有这两种功能。A lovely girl / The girl is lovely An old car / The car is oldAttributive adj.以下是基本上只做修饰语的adj.列表–er结尾表示关系的名词: elder, former, inner, latter, outer, upper… my elder brother * who’s elder?×增强形容词，包括强调（certain，definite, pure, sheer, plain）扩大(absolute, entire, extreme, perfect, total)， 减弱(feeble, sight) 意义。A perfect idiot * the idiot is perfect× 限制所指范围的形容词：chief，joint，lone，main，very , only , principle…The chief produce. * the product is chief×科技，技术形容词： chemical，coastal，earthen，nuclear，solar，wooden，woolen…The chemical weapons. * the weapons are chemical.×表示方位的形容词：downstairs，downtown，indoor，inside，outdoor，outside，upstairs…Three upstairs bedroom. 3.Predicative adj.以下是基本上只做修饰语的adj.列表1) 带后置修饰的形容词： the ship is bound for Australia *the bound ship for Australia.2) 带前置A-（afraid，afloat，aghast，akin，alert，alight，alike，alive，alone，aloof，amiss，asleep，ashamedThe chil