2012届高考英语专题总复习直接引语变间接引语的用法.docVIP

高考英语专题总复习直接引语变间接引语的用法 定义：直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。 例：He said: It is too late. 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。 例：He said it was too late. 1、直接引语是陈述句时 间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略）He said, I’m a boy .” He said (that) he was a boy. 2、直接引语是疑问句时 主句的谓语动词say/said 改为ask/asked （1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。 She said, Are you a boy ?” She asked (me ) if/whether I was a boy. (2 )特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。 He asked, Where do you live? →He asked me where I lived. 3、直接引语是祈使句时 Command:Do .../Don’t do… 用：tell/order sb (not)to do Request:Please do/Could you do…/would you (please)/Can I 用：ask sb to do 注意：后面问句亦可看做一般疑问句用if /whether引导 eg:She said to me,”keep quiet.” She told me to keep quiet. She said to me,”Don’t make noise.” She told me not to make noise. She said to me,”sit down please.”she asked me to sit down .(注意去掉please) She said to me,”Can I borrow your bike ?” she asked me to lend her my bike. She said to me,”Would you lend me your bike ?”She asked if I could lend her my bike 4、直接引语是感叹句时 间接引语为what 或how 引导 She said, What a lovely day it is ! →She said what a lovely day it was . [注意] 第一：人称的变化 第二：时态变化(上推一个时态) （1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时 （2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时 （3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时 （4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时 （5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时 （6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时 但是： （1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： The teacher said The earth goes round the sun. →The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. （2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如： He said to me, I was born in 1973. →He told me that he was born in 1973. 第三：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化（反义词） 指示代词 this ---that these--- those 表示时间的词 now --- then today--- that day this week(month ,etc) ----that week (month ,etc) yesterday ----the day before last week(month) --- the week(month) before three days(a year)ago---three days(a year)before tomorrow ----the next (following ) day next week(month)--the next(following)week(month) 表地点的词 here --there 动词 bring -- take come –go 最后总结：直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题 陈述语序 She asked me what he was like .