综合阶段英语司公战略.docxVIP

Unit 3　Corporate Strategy and Risk Management　01. PESTEL Model　　词汇：　　Model：模型　　Macro environment：宏观环境　　Political：政治的　　Taxation policy：税收政策　　Government stability：政府稳定性　　Foreign trade：外贸　　Regulation：法规　　Economic：经济的　　Environment：环境　　Interest rate：利率　　Inflation：通货膨胀　　Business cycle：商业周期；经济周期　　Unemployment：失业　　Disposable income：可支配收入；　　disposable：可处置的　　Social：社会的　　Culture：文化；Cultural，文化的　　Demographics：人口统计资料　　Mobility：流动性；移动性；　　Income distribution：收入分配　　Lifestyle：生活方式　　Attitude：态度　　attitude to：…的态度　　Leisure：闲暇，休闲；　　Consumerism：消费主义（一种以消费来刺激经济的主张；亦指专心于或倾向于购买消费品）　　Technological：技术的，科技的　　Influence：（及物动词）影响　　Government spending：政府支出　　RD：Research and Development研究与发展　　Focus：聚焦；焦点　　Obsolescence：过时；　　rate of obsolescence：淘汰速度，更新换代速度　　Ecological：生态的，生态学的　　Monopoly：垄断　　Legislation：立法　　Environment protection law：环境保护法　　The PESTEL model studies the macro environment in the following aspects: PESTEL模型主要从以下几方面来研究宏观环境：　　1. Political. The political environment includes taxation policy, government stability and foreign trade regulations.政治环境。政治环境包括税收政策、政府稳定性和外贸法规等因素。　　2. Economic. The economic environment includes interest rates, inflation, business cycles, unemployment, disposable income and energy availability and cost. 经济环境。经济环境包括利率、通货膨胀水平、商业周期、失业水平、可支配收入和能源供应及成本等因素。　　3. Social. The social/cultural environment includes population demographics, social mobility, income distribution, lifestyle changes, attitudes to work and leisure, levels of education and consumerism.社会文化环境。社会文化环境包括人口统计情况、社会流动性、收入分配、生活方式变迁、工作休闲态度、教育水平和消费理念等因素　　4. Technological. The technological environment is influenced by government spending on research, new discoveries and development, government and industry focus of technological effort, speed of technological transfer and rates of obsolescence.　　技术环境。科技环境通常受政府在研发方面支出水平的影响，同时也受政府、行业确定的科技发展方向以及技术转移及淘汰速度的影响。　　5. Ecological/environmental. The ecological environment, sometimes just referred to as ‘the environment’, considers ways in which the organization can produce