英语专业形容教词学内容.docVIP

Lecture 5 Adjectives and Adjective Phrases I. Classification: 1. —— in terms of word formation one word adjectives: A consisting of one free morpheme Eg. good, fine, tall B consisting of a free morpheme as root plus a prefix or a suffix or both Eg. unhappy, lovely, unworkable compound adjectives: eg. breathtaking, bitter-sweet, warm-hearted 2 —— in terms of syntactic function central adjectives: able to be used as modifier in a noun phrase and as subject or object complement peripheral adjectives: unable to satisfy both the requirements A able to be used as modifier in a noun phrase : attributive adjectives Eg. a live fish, utter nonsense B able to be used as subject or object complement : predicative adjectives Eg. He felt ashamed. Tom was ill that day. 3 —— semantically stative adjectives : describing the static characteristics of animate or inanimate objects Eg. beautiful, big, short dynamic adjectives : describing the dynamic properties of people or things Eg. brave, careful, ambitious She is being foolish. \ You are being patient. Don’t be shy./ Be careful! II. Position of adjectives when used as a modifier in a noun phrase 1 before the head noun : pre-modifier 2 after the head noun : post-modifier —— mostly occurring when (1)the headword is a no-\every-\some-\any- compound Eg. something important, nothing special (2)some predicative adjective is used as modifier in a noun phrase Eg. members present, the house ablaze (3)an adjective ending in –able\-ible modifies a noun which takes another adjective in its superlative degree or the word “only” as the pre-modifier Eg. the only solution possible, the best person available (4)the modifier is an adjective with a prepositional phrase or an infinitive as its complementation, or with an adverb as its modifier Eg. a way different from that, a person difficult to deal with (5)an adjective is used as non-restrictive modifier Eg. The man, si