InventoryStockManagement（库存管理）.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Note: 1. Inventory holding cost > interest rate 12% 2. Value of platform = 60%*15,000 This example assumes that inventory is kept at the component level * * * * * More Risk Pooling Example (风险共担的例子)  Compare the two systems: two locations, M and N (for distributing a product – product A in 3.3, pp64-66) maintain 97% service level $60 fixed order cost $0.27 weekly holding cost 1 week lead time, reviewed each week historical data on demand available (see table on next slide), assume these data correctly represent demand distributions More Risk Pooling Example (风险共担的例子) Historical demand data Risk Pooling Example (风险共担的例子) Summary of historical data CV=13.2/39.3=0.36 CV = 12/38.6 =0.31 CV = 20.7/77.9=0.27 Risk Pooling Example (风险共担的例子) Optimal inventory policies Decentralised system: total SS = 67 total avg. invent. = 355 Safety Stock SS = z ·STD · Reorder Point s = AVG·(L+1) + SS Order Quantity Q = sqrt(2K·AVG/h) Order-up-to-level S = s + Q Average Inventory ? SS + Q/2 Distribution cost (pooling) is raised by $0.05 per unit. Inventory lowered by 355 – 304 =51 (库存减少51单位) Cost saving due to Inventory Reduction = 51*0.27 = $10.2 (库存减少的成本节约10.2美金) Cost increase due to transport. cost increase = 77.9*0.05 = $3.89 (运输成本增加3.89美金) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Periodic review: imagine a store has 50K SKUs. It takes 1 sec to inspect on SKU’s inventory status, then it needs 14 hrs for a person to check through all the SKUs. It might take 30 seconds to prepare an order (does she/he need time to think how much to order from her/his forecasting ? ) * * * * * * * * * * * Two bin system (两个纸箱系统) ... Rule: when the big bin is empty, open the small bin and place an order.(一旦大的箱子空了，就打开小箱子并且订购Q) A B Order point system (r, Q) – to be precise Time Inventory Level (库存水平) Max. Lead Time Place order Receive order Min, s, ROP Q Q A View of (s, S) Policy ((s,S)订购策略) Performance Eva