远离心梗脑梗从嘴做起答题.pptVIP

* The DASH diet is high in fruits and vegetables, nuts, legumes and low fat dairy products but is also low in saturated fat. The DASH diet reduces blood pressure to a similar extent as a single antihypertensive medication even in the absence of weight loss (as quoted in the CHEP 2004 Recommendations: the bottom line version page 5.. The low sodium DASH diet evaluated the effect of reducing sodium intake in combination with consuming a DASH diet (fruits and vegetables, low fat dairy products, and low in saturated and total fat). The combination diet found that blood pressure fell 11.4/5.5 mmHg in hypertensives compared to 3.5/2.1 in normotensives. Appel et al. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1117-1124. * Do these numbers surprise you? Think of what you eat in a day and it is easy to understand how we ingest so much sodium. It is hard to avoid * * 面对新的盐推荐量－多少人能够做到？ 达到２００５推荐标准 所有成人 9.6% 2,300 mg/day推荐 18.8% ≤1,500 mg/day 推荐 5.5% 高血压者 5.9% ４０岁以上非高血压者 5.1% 年轻人 5.7% Source: CDC NHANES unpublished data. 根源在哪里？厨师 饭店 食堂 家庭 我们自己的感觉与知识 对盐特殊敏感的人群 增加盐的摄入特别容易升高血压 限制盐的摄入对血压控制特别明显 不太容易识别 寻找盐敏感人群 有高血压家族史 慢性肾脏病 糖尿病 ５０岁以上者 超重或肥胖者 终止高血压膳食:DASH 丰富的水果、蔬菜、低脂奶类和低脂肪、低胆固醇、低盐 低盐DASH膳食使高血压患者血压下降11.4/5.5 mmHg 而正常人只下降3.5/2.1 Source: Appel et al. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1117. DASH饮食计划参见/health/public/heart/hbp/dash 精打细算减盐行动 Food (CCHS 2004 data) % Pizza, sandwiches, subs, burgers, hot dogs* 19.1 Soups 7.4 Pasta 5.7 Liquid milk products 4.0 Poultry and poultry dishes 3.8 Potatoes 3.4 Cheese 3.2 Cereals 3.0 控盐小技巧 买新鲜的标明没有额外添加盐的食物 吃新鲜的而不是罐头或加工的肉类、鱼类 用无盐的调味品烹调 注意面条中的盐 每周减少2次饭店进餐 关注调味品中的盐 尽量不吃所有的罐头食品、火腿、香肠 食盐、酱油 盐渍或腌制肉或烟熏食品 酱咸菜类、咸味零食 3克食盐=15毫升酱油=10克黄酱=半瓶酒瓶盖的盐 2g 盐勺 半个啤酒盖 3g盐 1个咸鸭蛋=4g盐 1根广味香肠=3g盐 5ml 酱油=1g盐 低盐饮食：全日供给钠2000mg 除食物本身所含钠外，允许在烹调或食用时加食盐2～3g或酱油10～15ml。饮食中忌用一切高钠或咸味食品，如咸菜、甜面酱、腐乳、咸蛋、香肠、腊肠、挂面等 无盐饮食：全日供给钠1000mg 上述高钠或咸味食品忌用，同时烹调时不加酱油和食盐 低钠饮食：全日钠供给量控制在500mg以内 除按无盐膳食要求外，还要限制一些含钠量高的食物，如松花蛋、海带、海哲、碱或小苏打所制的食品以及含钠多的蔬菜，