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Techniques of Translation Echoic Words 英语和汉语一样，有着极其丰富的拟声词。虽然表达形式有所不同，但都用来摹仿事物的声音。英汉拟声词在用法上有许多相近之处，有些可在对方语言中找到对应词，但大多数情况下则不能。 拟声是一种重要的修辞手段。英语中有的拟声词动词和名词同形，融音与义为一体。 拟声词的翻译要注意下列几种方法： 异曲同工，形式对等 A. 拟声词在句子中作独立成分 原文拟声词在句子中作独立成分，按照原文，仍保持其语法特点，译成句子成分相同的汉语。 Crack！The stick broke in two. 咔嚓！棍棒断成两截。 The pounding of the cylinders increased: ta-pocketa- pocketa-pocketa-pocketa-pocketa. (J. Thurber: The Secret Life of Water Mitty) 嗒——噗咳嗒——噗咳嗒——噗咳嗒——噗咳嗒——噗咳嗒，气缸的隆隆声加快了。 “Ho-ho-ho!” laughed dark Car. “Hee-hee-hee!”laughed the tippling bride, as she steadied herself on the arm of her fond husband. “Heu-heu-heu!” laughed dark Car’s mother, stroking her mustache as she explained laconically: “Out of the frying-pen into the fire.” (T. Hardy: Tess of the D’Urbervilles) “嘿，嘿，嘿！”黑卡尔笑着。 “唏，唏，唏！” 喝醉了的新娘子一面倚靠在她亲爱的丈夫的胳膊上，一面笑。 “喝，喝，喝！” 黑卡尔的娘边笑边理着小胡子冒了一句：“从油锅里掉到火坑里了。” Aha, perfect Frenchman! Good night, Englishman. (C. Dickens: A Tale of Two Cities) 啊哈，地道的法国人！晚安，英国人。 She drew one out. R-ratch! Now it sputtered and burned. 他抽出一根火柴，哧！啪！一下子然着了。 “Ah!” said he, with quivering lips and turning away, “you despise your old father now.” (William Thackeray: Vanity Fair) 他难过得嘴唇哆嗦起来，背过脸去说道：“唉！你现在瞧不起你爸爸了。” B. 拟声词作谓语 原文拟声词作谓语，译成汉语时同样作谓语。英语可用同一个拟声词来表示不同事物发出的声音，译成汉语时同一个拟声词可随物而异声；不同的拟声词可异物而同声，会产生诗韵节奏感。 The thunder began to roll in the distance. 远处雷声隆隆。 We heard the machines whirr. 我们听到机器的隆隆响。 They heard the muffled booming of artillery from afar. 他们听得见远处炮声隆隆。 A breeze murmured in the trees. 树林中微风沙沙作响。 Bees murmured approaching. 蜜蜂嗡嗡地飞来。 The waves splashed on the beach. 波涛哗哗地拍击着海岸。 The boy splashed into the lake. 那男孩扑通一声跳入湖中。 C. 拟声词作定语 1原文拟声词作定语，仍译成汉语的定语。 Something in the place, the hour, the crackling fires, the fantastic mysteries of light and shade, made others as well as Tess enjoy being there. (Thomas Hardy: Tess of the D’Urbervilles) 这地方，这时光，这哗哗剥剥的火，这闪烁明暗的奇幻神秘，都含有一种意味，使大家和苔丝喜欢在那儿呆着。 … though the intermittent husky notes of the male grasshoppers from every tuft of furze were enough to show that