植物病毒.ppt

Unit 4 Plant Virus Introduction Symptoms Structure and composition Transmission of plant viruses What is virus? Characteristic of a virus Very small The big difference between viruses and all else, is that fact that viruses are so small that they can not be viewed without the help of an electron microscope. This is because viruses are, on average, smaller than a regular wavelength of visible light. They can not be seen by the naked eye or a regular microscope. Viruses are so small in fact, that the largest virus is equal in size to the smallest bacteria. The smallest virus measures only 20 nanometers in length. Shape is also a defining characteristic of viruses. The basic shapes are rods, filaments, crystals, helixes, polyhedrons and spheres, with added extensions. strictly parasites Viruses are not classifiably alive or dead. They seem to be in limbo between each state. Viruses exist this way because they are strictly parasites???. That is, they can not survive and thrive without a host or group of host cells. The hosts provide viruses with all the chemicals and molecules they need to survive and reproduce. Viruses can lie dormant within any host or environment until the proper conditions for their activity are provided. This is why we sometimes say that viruses have incubation periods of certain lengths. For example：TMV (60 years) History –major events The first record of the symptoms of a plant virus so attractive that a tulip bulb is equal to ： several beef cattle, pigs, sheep, several tons of grain, thousands pounds of cheeses and a mill. The first breakthrough in 1886 Adof Mayer, TMV The healthy plants could be infected by injecting their leaf veins with sap taken from diseased plants. He made a conclusion that the disease was the manifestation of a bacterium. In 1892, Dimitrij ivanovsky Published the results of his study on mosaic disease of tobacco. He confirmed Mayer’s report of the sap-transmissible nature of the disease Furthe