水力空化论文水力空化及CFD数值模拟.docVIP

水力空化论文：水力空化及CFD数值模拟 【中文摘要】空化是由于液体中的局部低压(低于相应温度下该液体的饱和蒸汽压)使液体汽化而引发的微气泡(或称气核)爆发性生长而后又溃灭的现象。根据空化产生的方法一般可以分为四种类型:声空化,光空化,粒子空化和水力空化。其中,水力空化现象发生在很多场合,例如在管径急剧变化的管道中和水力机械中。水力空化发生时伴随空化泡溃灭瞬间产生的能量释放,可以实现过程的强化。为了探究水力空化强化效应的机制和效果,寻求影响空化强化效应的基本规律,本论文就此开展了如下研究工作:设计建立实用有效的水力空化实验装置;根据计算流体力学理论,用CFD软件FLUENT对空化流场进行数值模拟;采用空化自由基捕捉方法,定量检测水力空化羟自由基;在此基础上,研究了孔板、孔板—液哨型组合空化器及尾涡旋转空化器的各种参数对空化自由基产量的影响,以寻求最佳空化条件。研究结果表明:(1)在FLUENT中,可以采用标准k ??模型和空泡动力学模型对孔板式水力空化器进行数值模拟,模拟结果表明:当出口压力一定时,入口压力越大,空化强度越剧烈;增加孔径及小孔个数使空化强度减弱;增大液体密度和粘度使空化强度减弱;增大液体初始含气量使空化强度先增大后减小;(2)利用亚甲基蓝溶液能够成功捕捉水力空化产生的羟自由基,然后可以采用紫外分光光度计定量检测空化羟自由基;(3)孔板式水力空化器的空化效应随入口压力的增大而增强;孔径及小孔个数增加,空化效应减弱;流量相同的情况下,空化效应随孔板比周长的增加而增强。(4)孔板—液哨型组合空化器的空化效应随空化数减小而增强;入口压力增大,空化效应增强;与单孔孔板相比,加入悬臂式簧片哨后的组合水力空化器空化效应明显增强,最大可提高26.7%,且簧片尖端到孔板距离较短、簧片自由端较短时,·OH产量更高,空化效应更剧烈。(5)尾涡空化旋转发生器的空化效应随入口流量的增加而先增大后减小,即流量存在一个最佳值使空化效应最强。 【英文摘要】Cavitation is the phenomenon that microbubbles (or called gas nucleus) suddenly grow due to local lower pressure in the liquid and then collapse. Based on the cavitation generation,the cavitation is classified into four types, including acoustic cavitation, optic cavitation, particle cavitation and hydrodynamic cavitation. Hydrodynamic cavitation can occur in the sudden change of piping diameter, hydraulic machinery and so on. The process intensification can be accomplished by energy release in an instant of bubbles collapse.To investigate the mechanism of hydrodynamic cavitation and the fundamentals of its intensificaion law, the detailed studies has been made. The experimental equipments of hydrodynamic cavitation were built. The CFD software FULENT was used to simulate the flow fields of cavitation based on computer fluid dynamics. The hydroxyl radical induced by hydrodynamic cavitation was measured with methylene blue as the catcher. Three types of equipments of hydrodynamic cavitation including orifice plate, composite equipment of orifice plate and cantilever reed, rotating cavitation equipment were studied to obtain the optimum hydrodynamic