英语中三大类从句.pptVIP

英语三大类从句之用法与比较 从句概述 从句只能做主句的某一部分,依附于主句而存在,不能独立。 从句也具有句子的特征，即有自己的主谓结构；而且带有引导词。 根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、形容词性（定语）从句和副词性（状语）从句三类。 一、名词性从句 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其关联词有连词that, if, whether；连接代词what, who, which和连接副词when, where, why, how等。 连接词的用法 (一) 1. that 连词 that本身无实际意义，在从句中不担当任何成分，在宾语从句中有时可以省略。如： I hear (that) he has joined the football club. That light travels in a straight line is known to all. Is it certain that they will win? 为保持句子平衡， that 引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语而把真正的主语从句后置。主要有以下几种情况： ① It is +n. ( a pity / a shame / a fact / no wonder ,etc )+ that-clause It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. It is no wonder that he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day. ② It is +adj. ( certain / likely / probable / true , etc.) + that-clause It is probable that he told her everything. It is true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week. 连接词的用法 (二) 2. whether 和 if 连词whether和 if表“是否”之意，在从句中不可省略。 　　在下列情况中只用whether不用if: ⑴ 引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时； The question is whether it is worth trying. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. I have no idea whether I should believe him or not. ⑵ 从句作介词的宾语时； Ryan was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings. ⑶ or not紧随其后时；I don’t care whether or not he has a holiday. ⑷ 后接不定式时。 She can’t decide whether to go.  ３．Who, whom, whose, what, which连接代词Who, whom, whose, what, which等在从句中既起连接作用，又担当主语、宾语、表语等成分，并保留其特殊疑问词词义。如： 　　No one knows who he was waiting for. 　　Tell me whose house it is. 　　Let me know which train you will be arriving on. 连接词的用法 (四) ４． where, when, why, how 　连接副词where, when, why, how等在从句中作状语，其词义与特殊疑问词词义相同。 　　I don’t know where we are going to have the meeting. 　　She always thinks of how she can work well. 　　What I’m anxious to know is when we can visit th