非谓语动词复讲习义.docVIP

第一讲 非谓语动词之一：动词不定式 一． 知识学习 动词不定式的形式（ 以动词do 为例 ） 一般式：to do 一般式的被动式：to be done 一般式的进行式: to be doing 完成式：to have done 完成式的被动式: to have been done 完成式的进行式: to have been doing 动词不定式的含义： 一般式：所表示的动作，有时与谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 He seems to know this. 与谓语动词seem的动作同时发生I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again.发生在谓语动词hope的动作之后。 一般式的进行式： 表示不定式的动作正在进行，与谓语动词的动作同时发生。　 He seems to be eating something. 3) 一般式的被动式：表式不定式的动作是被动的动作 The emperor ordered the cloth to be woven at once. 皇帝命令那布应该马上让人织出来。 完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. He seems to have caught a cold.5) 完成进行时：表式不定式的动作从过去到现在一直在持续 She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 动词不定式在句中的功能。 1) 作主语 To see is to believe. To finish the job as soon as possible is very necessary. 注意：不定式作主语时可以用it 作形式主语来替代; 还可以加上for sb. 来表示不定式动作的发出者. To finish the job as soon as possible is very necessary. = It is very necessary ( for us ) to finish the job as soon as possible. It’s very kind of you to help me with the heavy box. 在以下形容词出现时可以用it 作形式主语来替代不定式作主语。 easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;enough ,　 2)作表语 My job is to design toys. Her greatest dream is to become a famous movie star. 作宾语 A.动词后直接跟宾语 He planned to go on a trip to Tibet. She elected to become a lawyer. 她决定当律师。 Women tend to live longer than men. 女人多比男人长寿。 以下这些动词常跟动词不定式作宾语：ask; aim ; plan; intend; mean(打算)；hope; wish; expect; offer; afford; pretend; try (设法；努力); consider ( 认为)； seem; appear ; agree; demand; desire; determine; endeavor(努力); decide; elect (决定、选择); choose ;fail; happen; manage; help; hesitate (犹豫); long (渴望); prepare; promise; refuse; wait; undertake ; tend ( 倾向于；趋向于); learn; remember(记得要去做); forget(忘了要去做) 等 。 B. 动词后带疑问词加不定式作宾语 Please show us how to do that. There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy. 有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。 以下这些动词后