高中英语语法之在现完成时.doc

现在完成时讲解 一、基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) 　　①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他　　②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他　　③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他　　④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）1） 现在完成时的完成用法现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)　　I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) 　　Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) 2） 现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用. 　　Mary has been ill for three days. Mary has been ill since three days ago.注意1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）　如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for, since连用.　　2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用　　,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, lately等: 　　He has already obtained a scholarship. 　　I havent seen much of him recently (lately). 　　We have seen that film before. 　　Have they found the missing child yet ?　　3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,　　如ever, never, twice, several 等: 　　Have you ever been to Beijing 　　I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. 　　I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. 　　George has met that gentleman several s.　　4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,　　如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present, so far等: 　　Peter has written six papers so far. 　　Up to the present everything has been successful. 　　5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. 　　We have had four texts this semester. have been to 和have gone to的区别 have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如： He has been to the USA three times. 他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”） have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如： --Wheres your mother? --你妈妈在哪？ --She has gone to the hospital. --她去医院了。has been in 一直在某地三、现在完成时考点例析 现在完成时是较难掌握、中考考查较多的时态。涉及的考点有： 一、考查其构成 助动词have (has) +动词过去分词构成现在完成时。如： 1. Kates never seen Chinese films，____ ?? A. hasnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she 析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kates是Kate has的缩写，故选B。 2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句) His uncle