高中英语语法复专习题讲解.doc

高中英语语法复习专题讲解-介词连词一、考点聚焦 1、介词的分类与语法功能 （1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、througout等；短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。分词介词，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。 常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。如：It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast.②He quarrelled with her yesterday.③He succeeded in passing the final exam.④I’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.（2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如：This machine is in good condition.(表语)Where is the key to my bike?(定语)Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)She always thinks herself above others.（宾补） 2、介词搭配（1）“动词+介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow(“夺去、除去”意义的动词与of 连用)supply us with food / fill the glass with wine（“供给”意义的动词与with连用）make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat（“制作、制造”意义与of、from、into连用）介词 + the + 部位与动词的关系（=动词 + sb.’s + 部位，可换用）strike him on the head(“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用) catch him by the arm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用)hit the boy in the face（“肚，胸，眼，脸”等人体前部与in连用）prevent(stop, keep)sb. from doing sth.(“阻止，禁止”意义与from连用)persuade(advise, warn)sb. into doing sth.（“说服，建议”意义与into连用）buy sb. for sth.(leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意义与for连用)tell sth.to sb.(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意义与to连用)give sth. to sb.（give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意义与to连用）注意：可换成buy sb.sth.双宾结构。say to sb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggest sb.sth.。同一动词与不同介词搭配意义不同。look for（寻找）agree to sth.?? hear of(听说)????? call on(拜访)look to (眺望)? agree with sb.???call for(需要)look at（看）?? agree on sth.?? hear from(收到信)? call in(请)同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异。reply to the letter回信，sing(dance)to the music和……唱（跳），amount to 达到，加起来有……，devote to把……贡献给，drink to为……干杯，object to反对，look forward to 渴望，come to苏