海带的研究与综合利用.docVIP

海带的研究与综合利用 俞慧清 浙江海洋学院普陀科技学院 舟山 316000 摘要 海带(Laminaria japonica)又名纶布、昆布,为海带科植物。海带又称“江白菜”,是一种褐藻,藻体褐色,一般长2～4 m,最长达7 m。海带质柔味美,经济价值较高,含有丰富的营养成分和可贵的活性物质,它不但是家常食品,同时也具有较高的医疗价值。目前,国内外的学者主要是对海带中的某种有效成份进行研究，很少有人对海带的综合利用进行研究;在工业上，海带的综合利用除了提取海藻酸钠(或褐藻酸钠)、碘及少量的甘露醇外，很少涉及褐藻糖胶及膳食纤维的利用，将褐藻糖胶和纤维物质作为废弃物丢弃了，所以开展对海带资源的深度加工和综合利用不但可以废物利用，还可以带来很大的经济效益。为了提高我国海带资源的利用率，提高海带的附加值，发展我国的海带加工业，我们对海带的综合利用进行了研究，开发了海带联产褐藻糖胶、甘露醇、膳食纤维和海藻酸钠的综合利用工艺。本文还主要对海带的加工方法、杂种优势及它的一系列开发来进行一个浅层的探索，利用生物技术来得到海带的一个高产，对比传统利用生物技术带来的优势。 关键词：海带 加工方法 养育管理 开发 ABSTRACT Kelp (Laminaria japonica), also known as Wong cloth, kelp, kelp plants to. Kelp, also known as Jiang cabbage is a brown algae, brown algae, the general length 2 ~ 4 m, up to 7 m. Kelp quality soft and delicious, high economic value, rich in valuable nutrients and active substances, it is not only homemade food, but also has high medical value. At present, scholars at home and abroad mainly for a certain active ingredient in seaweed research, few studies on the comprehensive utilization of Laminaria; in industry, in addition to the comprehensive utilization of seaweed extract sodium alginate (or sodium alginate), iodine and a small amount of mannitol, few involved in fucoidan and the use of dietary fiber, the fiber material of fucoidan and discarded as waste, so to carry out the depth of the kelp processing and comprehensive utilization of resources, not only can be salvaged, but also can bring great economic benefits. In order to improve the utilization of kelp resources, improve the added value of kelp, seaweed processing industry in the development of China, we studied the comprehensive utilization of kelp, kelp-generation development of the fucoidan, mannitol, dietary fiber and sodium alginate the comprehensive utilization of technology. This article also mainly kelp processing methods, hysteresis and its development to conduct a series of shallow exploration, the use of biotechnology to get a seaweed yield, compared to the traditional use of the benef