浅谈高中英语语篇阅读的教学.docVIP

浅谈高中英语语篇阅读的教学 ; 摘 要: 文章阐明了英语语篇阅读教学中语境的重要性,提出了进行英语语篇教学的几点思路:利用背景知识帮助理解课文,避免歧义,结合语境理解习语,等等。并介绍了一些从整体到细节的阅读方法,这些都是在不同方面有助于提高语篇阅读质量的教学方法。; 关键词:英语语篇教学;语境;背景知识;习语; 中图分类号: H319nbsp; 文献标识码:A 文章编号: 1009 - 1750 (2006) 06 - 0170 - 02; 一、重视语境在英语语篇阅读教学中的重要性; 在Malinowski之前, context一词用来指一定语言环境中句子前后有关的词、短语、语段或篇章的前后关系,也就是常说的“上下文”。Malinowski 把语境分为话语语境( context of utterance ) 、情景语境( context of situation)和文化语境( context of culture) 。在阅读教学中,语篇中任何词语和句子都不是孤立的,都是在语境中运行的,如果无视或忽视了语境,不但会影响对全文的理解,即使在对句子的理解方面,也会产生误解。例如:; Not surp risingly, the rest ofmy life shriveled into a dried raisin. I lost contact with old friends. I saw little ofmywife and even less of our sons, Adam, then 15, and Sam , 12. One evening, for the sixth time in a row , Iphoned home to tell the boys that once again I抎 miss their bed time. That抯 OK, said Sam. But could I wake him up when I did get home? That would be really late, I said; he would have gone to sleep long before. It was p robably better if I saw him the nextmorning. ( 选自综合教程Book 3 ,何兆熊); 在段落中,“the sixth time in a row”按字面的意思是横排的第六次,单单把“in a row”提出来理解有难度,但根据上文,我们知道作者谈他的工作安排太紧,这使他失去了与朋友的联系,甚至很少见到妻儿。据此,我们不难理解这个短语的意思:在这里,“row ”———“横排”的意思指的是日历中的横排,从周一到周日。“the sixth time in a row ”的意思是指周末。; 下边的对话在没有语境的情况下也会引起歧义。如:; Ingid had a ferocious dedication to herwork. If you took acting a way from me, she once claimed, I’d stop breathing. When Ernest Hemingway told her she would have to cut off her hair for the role of Maria in ForWhom the Bell Tolls, she shot back, To get that part , I’d cut my head off ! ; This sentence carries two meanings:; A. To get that part, I’d do whatever I can even at the cost of my life ! 演那个角色,别说剪发,就是砍脑袋都行。; B. I’d rather die than p lay that role. 我死也不愿演那个角色。; 根据段落的语境,读者了解到英格力对电影的热爱和他所具有的奉献精神,因此,很容易理解句子的意思是A。; 二、利用背景知识帮助理解; 美国着名翻译理论家尤金·纳达指出:“语言在文化中对词义,习语含义的影响如此地带有普遍性,以至在不仔细考虑语言文化背景的情况下,任何文本都无法恰当地加以理解。”在综合英语的语篇教学中,背景知识教学对课文的理解很有帮助。例如,在综合教程第二册《Gregory Peck- An AmericanMaster 》一文中,背景知识的学习使读者了解到Peck 这一影星走红的另一因素是历史背景促成的。当时正值二次世界大战结束,美国人经历了大战后十