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Evolution of Abscisic Acid Signaling MechanismsAbstractThe plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) mediates seed dormancy, controls seedling developmentand triggers tolerance to abiotic stresses, including drought. Core ABA signaling componentsconsist of a recently identified group of ABA receptor proteins of the PYRABACTINRESISTANCE (PYR)/REGULATORY COMPONENT OF ABA RECEPTOR (RCAR) familythat act as negative regulators of members of the PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2C (PP2C) family.Inhibition of PP2C activity enables activation of SNF1-RELATED KINASE 2 (SnRK2) proteinkinases, which target downstream components, including transcription factors, ion channels andNADPH oxidases. These and other components form a complex ABA signaling network. Here, anin depth analysis of the evolution of components in this ABA signaling network shows that (i)PYR/RCAR ABA receptor and ABF-type transcription factor families arose during landcolonization of plants and are not found in algae and other species, (ii) ABA biosynthesis enzymeshave evolved to plant- and fungal-specific forms, leading to different ABA synthesis pathways,(iii) existing stress signaling components, including PP2C phosphatases and SnRK kinases, wereadapted for novel roles in this plant-specific network to respond to water limitation. In addition,evolutionarily conserved secondary structures in the PYR/RCAR ABA receptor family arevisualized.Key word: ABA; signal transduction; PYR/PYL/RCAR; PP2C; SnRK2脱落酸信号转导机制的演变摘要酸(ABA, Abscisic acid) 是一种重要的植物激素，参与植物胚胎发育、种子休眠、果实成熟 以及逆境胁迫等许多方面，对植物生长发育起着调节作用。 植物接受胁迫信号， 影响基因的表达，引起植物体内 ABA 水平上调，从而增加植物 的抗逆性。核心ABA信号组件由一个最近发现群PYRABACTIN的ABA受体蛋白电阻(PYR)/ ABA受体(RCAR)家庭的管理组件作为负监管机构成员的蛋白磷酸酶2 c(PP2C)的家庭。抑制PP2C活动使激活SNF1-RELATED激酶2 (SnRK2)的蛋白质下游激酶,目标组件,包括转录因子、离子通道和NADPH氧化酶类。这些和其他组件形成一个复杂的 ABA 信号转导网络。在这里，一个深度分析组件的进化ABA信号网络显示：(i)PYR / RCAR ABA受体和ABF-type转录因子家族出现在植物但在藻类和其他物种中并未发现，(ii)ABA的生物合成的酶已经进化到植物及特定真菌形式，因而导致不同的ABA合成途径， (iii)现有的压力信号组件，包括PP2C磷酸酶和SnRK激酶在这个特定的的网络改编成新颖的形式以应对水的限制。此外, 在PYR / RCAR ABA受体家族中进化二级结构是可视的。