Evolution of ozone, particulates, and aerosol direct radiative臭氧颗粒物和气溶胶直接辐射的演化.pptVIP

Coupling between the aerosols and hydrologic cycles Xiaoyan Jiang Climatology course, 387H Dec 5, 2006 Outlines Aerosols formation Why we care about the aerosols and hydrologic cycle? The coupling between the ecosystems and the hydrologic cycle via aerosol processing What do we need to know? What tool we can use? What data we can use to evaluate the model results? Future Challenges Aerosols in the atmosphere Aerosols formation Why we care about the aerosols and hydrologic cycle? The interaction between the aerosol and meteorological variables. 1.Direct effects---reducing the amount of solar radiation that reaches the surface 2.Indirect effects ---Changing the properties of clouds Aerosols and their relationships with clouds and rainfall are one of the weakest aspects of current meteorological and climate modeling The role of aerosols in the hydrologic cycle is unknown The coupling between the ecosystems and the hydrologic cycle via aerosol processing What do we need to know? Emissions Anthropogenic and natural aerosols Microphysics and chemistry (dependent on aerosol type) Transformation (removal efficiency of various aerosols) Transport away from source regions (horizontally, vertically) Effect of relative humidity (especially on cloud-scales) Precipitation events (intensity and frequency) Clouds Changes of surface solar radiation induced byurban aerosols for 1 September 2001 based on simulationsfrom a radiative transfer model developed by Chou andSuarez [1999]. The effect of aerosols in the formation of clouds What tool we can use? A new fully coupled meteorology- chemistry-aerosol model is being developed ----WRF-chem It is a version of WRF that simulates trace gases and particulates with meteorological fields. It allows two-way nesting to simulate the air quality and meteorological fields. Aerosol treatments in WRF-chem Some results using the fully coupled meteorology-chemistry-aerosol model What data we