MATLAB基础讲义.ppt

数组/矩阵操作 常用矩阵计算函数 sum(A): 矩阵各列求和 diag(A): 求A的对角线上的元素或形成对角矩阵 inv(A): 求A的逆矩阵 det(A): 求A的行列式 rank(A):求A的秩 eig(A):求A的特征根和特征向量 poly(A):求A的特征多项式 MATLAB中许多对矩阵的计算以列为对象 * * 矩阵计算、线性代数 * Precision and accuracy are not the same! A precise answer is not necessarily an accurate answer… One should not demand more precision or accuracy than is necessary… BE CONSISTENT! MATLAB应用基础 知识结构 MATLAB应用基础 What is MATLAB? MATLAB的特点 MATLAB 7.x的开发环境 MATLAB编程基础 MATLAB程序设计 MATLAB数据可视化 What is MATLAB? MATLAB＝MATrix+LABoratory Jack Little/President Cleve Moler/Chief Scientist What is MATLAB? 交互式数值计算和可视化的编程环境 MATLAB建立在向量、数组和矩阵的基础上，使用方便，人机界面直观，输出结果可视化。 矩阵是MATLAB的核心 Examples: 矩阵运算和线性代数 Matrix computations and linear algebra 求解非线性方程 Solving nonlinear equations 求微分方程的数值解 Numerical solution of differential equations 数学优化 Mathematical optimization 统计与数据分析 Statistics and data analysis 信号处理 Signal processing 动态系统建模 Modelling of dynamical systems 求解偏微分方程 Solving partial differential equations 系统仿真 Simulation of engineering systems MATLAB的特点 使用方便，帮助全面 编程语言简单易学 科学计算能力强大 数据可视化功能强大 功能强大的工具箱 高度的适应性和开放性 实用的程序接口和发布平台 MATLAB 7.x的开发环境 Matlab is an interpreted language Commands are typed into the COMMAND Window（命令窗口） and executed immediately Variables are allocated in memory as soon as they are first used in an expression Commands must be re-entered to be re-executed All variables created in the Command Window are in what is called the Base Workspace（工作空间） Variables can be reassigned new values as needed Variables can be selectively cleared from the workspace The Workspace can be saved to a data file File extension is .mat (ex: mydata.mat) File is in binary and essentially unreadable by humans .mat files can be reloaded back into the Matlab Workspace MATLAB 7.x的开发环境 图形窗口 x=-pi:0.1:pi; y=sin(x); plot(x,y) 编辑窗口 Color keyed text with auto indents 帮助窗口 帮助命令 help命令是查询函数语法的最基本方法，查询信息会直接显示在命令窗口中。它适用于已知命令但不知道具体用法的情况。如： help sphere lookfor命令是在搜索范围内的M函数文件的第一注释行里进行关键字的搜索，条件比较宽松，适用于知道命令的关键词