讲座演示文稿(ppt) - 高三生物“生物与环境”专题训练( .pptVIP

讲座演示文稿(ppt) - 高三生物“生物与环境”专题训练( .ppt

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讲座演示文稿(ppt) - 高三生物“生物与环境”专题训练( .ppt

Whole-Genome Prokaryote Phylogeny without Sequence Alignment Classification of Prokaryotes: A Long-Standing Problem Traditional taxonomy: too few features Morphology:spheric, helices, rod-shaped…… Metabolism:photosythesis, N-fixing, desulfurization…… Gram staining:positive and negative SSU rRNA Tree (Carl Woese et al., 1977): 16S rRNA: ancient conserved sequences of about 1500kb Discovery of the three domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria and Eucarya Support to endosymbiont origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts The SSU rRNA Tree of Life: A big progress in molecular phylogeny of prokaryotes as evidenced by the history of the Bergey’s Manual Bergey’s Manual Trust: Bergey’s Manual 1st Ed. “Determinative Bacteriology”: 1923 8th Ed. “Determinative Bacteriology”: 1974 1st Ed. “Systematic Bacteriology”: 1984-1989, 4 volumes 9th Ed. “Determinative Bacteriology”: 1994 2nd Ed. “Systematic Bacteriology”: 2001-200?, 5 volumes planned; On-Line “Taxonomic Outline of Procarytes” by Garrity et al. Rel.4.0 (October 2003): 26 phyla: A1-A2, B1-B24 Phylogeny versus Taxonomy Phylogeny and taxonomy are not synonyms Taxonomy – classification, systematics of extant species Phylogeny – the history of evolution since the origin of species One should not contradict the two with each other From the Preface to Outline of Procaryotes (Rel.4.0, October 2003): “The primary objective was to devise a classification that would reflect the phylogeny of procaryotes, …” Our Latest Result NCBI Genome data as of 31 December 2004 222 organisms = (21A + 193B + 8E) Input: genome data (the .faa files) Output: a phylogenetic tree No selection of genes, no alignment of sequences, no fine adjustment whatsoever See the tree first. Story follows. 基于222个完全基因组的亲缘树(K=5) 21 个古细菌 193 个真细菌 8 个真核生物 Complete Bacterial Genomes Appeared since 1995 Early Expectations: More support to the SSU rRNA Tree of Life Add details to the classification (branchings and groupings) More hints on taxonomic revisions Confus

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