2014届高三英语专题复习学案：特殊句式.docVIP

一、倒装 1.完全倒装（被强调部分 + 谓语 + 主语） 谓语动词完全搬到主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有两种： 1）表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首。如：In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. South of the river lies a small factory. Out rushed the children. 2）such置于句首时。如：Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist.这就是爱因斯坦，一个简单的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。 此类句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后的“真正主语”保持一致。如：Such are the facts; no one can deny them.这就是事实，没有人能否认它们。 2.部分倒装（被强调部分 + be \ 助动词 \ 情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语） 只把谓语的一部分（多为助动词和情态动词）置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有三种： 1）only + 状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句），且放在句首时，主句倒装。如：Only then did I realized that I was wrong. Only in this way can we learn English well. Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 注意：“only + 主语”放句首，句子不倒装。如：Only he can answer the question. 2）否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time,under \ in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no codition等置于句首时。如：Never before have I seen such a moving film. = I have never seen such a moving film before. Not a single mistake did he make. = He didn’t make a single mistake. Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark. = I hardly think it possible to finish the job before dark. 3）so \ neither \ nor + be \ 助动词 \ 情态动词 + 主语 ①so + be \ 助动词 \ 情态动词 + 主语，意为“…也是如此”，如：They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities. 注意： a）此句型也可写成“it is the same with…或so it is with…–I was afraid. –So was I. –I was afraid. –So you were. The manager asked the waiter to clean the table, and he did so. ②neither \ nor + be \ 助动词 \ 情态动词 + 主语，意为“…也不这样”，如：Lily can’t ride; neither \ nor can Lucy. 注意： a）此句型也可写成“it is the same with…或so it is with…’t ride; it is the same with Lucy \ so it is with Lucy. b）此句型中的neither或nor不可用so…not替代，但可用not…either改写。如： I have never been abroad. So hasn’t he.× I have never been abroad. Neither \ Nor has he.√ I have never been abroad. He