过程装备与控制工程专业英语翻译.docVIP

专业：过程装备与控制工程 姓名： 学号： Reading Material 1 Static Analysis of Beams A bar that is subjected to forces acting transverse to its axis is called a beam．In this section we will consider only a few of the simplest types of beams，such as those shown in Fig．1．2．In every instance it is assumed that the beam has a plane of symmetry that is parallel to the plane of the figure itself．Thus，the cross section of the beam has a vertial axis Of symmetry．Also，it is assumed that the applied loads act in the plane of symmetry，and hence bending of the beam occurs in that plane．Later we will consider a more general kind of bending in which the beam may have an unsymmetrical cross section． (a)A simple supported beam (b) A cantilever beam (c) A beam with an overhang Fig．1．2 Types of beam The beam in Fig．1．2(a)，with a pin support at one end and a roller support at the other，is called a simply supported beam，or a simple eam．The essential feature of a simple beam is that both ands of the beam may rotate freely during bending, but they cannot translate in the lateral direction. Also, one end of the beam can move freely in the axial direction (that is, horizontally). The supports of a simple beam may sustain vertical reactions acting either upward or downward. The beam in Fig. 1.2(b) which is built in or fixed at one end and free at the other end, is called a cantilever beam. At the fixed support the beam can neither rotate nor translate, while at the free end it may do both. The third example in the figure shows a beam with an overhang. This beam is simply supported at A and B and has a free end at C. Loads on a beam may be concentrated forces, such as P1 and P2 in Fig. 1. 2(a) and (c),or distributed loads, such as the load q in Fig. 1.2(b). Distributed loads are characterized by their intensity, which is expressed in units of force per unit distance along the axis of the beam. F