2007 年遗传学考试复习重点+答案.docVIP

2007年遗传学考试复习重点： 名词解释英文的 第二章 遗传的三大基本定律：哪三大？ 应掌握遗传学三大基本定律内容及相关计算方法，有丝分裂和减数分裂的主要区别（三点）ppt里有1数目2是否有联会3子细胞个数及染色体倍数，，哪些遗传学现象属于孟德尔遗传学的例外？beyond mondel掌握几种 ?2.The First Law of Genetics-principle of segregation. ? ?An individual inherits a unit of information (allele) about a trait from each parent ?During gamete formation, the alleles segregate from each other ?3. The Second Law of Genetics-principle of independent assortment.??Mendel concluded that the two “units” for the first trait were to be assorted into gametes independently of the two “units” for the other trait ?Members of each pair of homologous chromosomes are sorted into gametes at random during meiosis ?4. The Third law of Genetics-principle of gene linkage and cross-over. The independent separation of different pairs of chromosomes is responsible for independent assortment. Genes on the same chromosome segregate together (LINKAGE), unless a chromosomal cross-over brings about their recombination. 数目 2.联会 3.子细胞个数及染色体倍数 Beyond Mendel: Mendels Rules of Genetics Do not Always Work ? * Mendels rules: ? * Segregation of alleles ? * Independent assortment of genes for different characters ? * Hold for characters: ? * Which have dominant recessive traits ? * Determined by single genes ? * Genes are on separate chromosomes ? * Different types of chromosomes, or ? * Different homologues of same type of chromosome ? * These conditions are not always met, so there are many complications ? X-Linked Genes Complicate Mendels Rules ? * Linkage was first observed on sex chromosomes ? * Usually sex-linked genes are located on the X chromosomes- Y chromosome is degenerate and does not have all of the genes found on the X ? * Females, with 2 X chromosomes, will tend to follow Mendels dominance/recessive rules (but they are complicated by X chromosome inactivation, see below) ? * Males have