British_History_I.ppt

History of UK Week Two By Han Linye School of English Studies Chapter Outline I. Origin of the English Nation (The Native Celts, Roman Britain, the Anglo-Saxon England , The Norman Conquest) II. The Shaping of the Nation (the Plantagenet Dynasty, the Great Charter, Beginning of Parliament; The Hundred Year’s War, The Black Death, The Wars of Roses) Chapter Outline III. Transition to the Modern Period (Henry VIII and the English Reformation, Elizabeth I and English Renaissance, James I, The Civil Wars, Oliver Cromwell, The Glorious Revolution) IV. The Rise and Fall of British Empire (The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist Movement, The Building of British Empire, Britain during WWI and WWII, Postwar Britain) The Native Celts Iberians were the first known settlers in Britain. The natives of the Island: Celts (Britons). The Celts’ religion: Druidism. The Celts’ civilization: the Stonehenge in Wiltshire The Celts The Druids德鲁伊教士 A druid was a member of the priestly and learned class in the ancient Celtic societies of Western Europe, Britain and Ireland. Druids combined the duties of priest, judge, scholar, and teacher. Roman Britain Roman Army, commanded by Julius Caesar, invade England in 55BC. The invasion marked the beginning of the English Recorded history. The successful invasion of England by the Roman Army, headed by Emperor Claudius was in 43AD. They built two great walls (the Hadrian’s Wall the Antonine Wall) to prevent the Picts in Scotland. The Roman Army The Roman Army built two great walls (the Hadrian’s Wall the Antonine Wall) to prevent the Picts in Scotland. Roman Civilization Built up baths, temples, amphitheatres, villas and buildings, Established network of towns(-ster, -cester, -shire), roads and organized government system; mined iron, lead, tin and manufactured pottery. Brought new religion---Christianity Treated the Britons as slaves and there was no intermarriage. The Anglo-Saxons The Romans began to pull out of Britain in