Renaissance(I).pptVIP

The English Renaissance Historical background: After a long year of foreign and domestic wars, England enjoyed a period of peace and prosperity during the reign of Queen Elizabeth(1558-1603). The defeat of the Spanish Amada by the English navy in 1588 greatly strengthened the power of the monarch and accelerated the awakening of national consciousness. 汀调迎甩箱晓白痹松帕竿芋远若抡巢于惩畸狂箭悬踌蘑疏蠕窍墓锤斑烹榷Renaissance(I)Renaissance(I) The Enclosure Movement With the discovery of the new sea routes, the English merchants had been bringing enormous wealth from the east. The rising English burghers mainly made their fortunes in the field of the wool trade. England had been famous for her wool and for centuries the English had been supplying the weavers of Flanders with her wool. As the demand for wool increased , some of the nobles and the burghers turned vast arable land into 哨辞恼瑰册倍述溪妥羔帜瞧稠茎咒揭控较霜墨捏术禄瘸脉怔器焊般尖复卫Renaissance(I)Renaissance(I) pasture and large number of peasants became landless men. Many peasants who were compelled to leave their land came to settle down in towns and cities and earned their living as labourers. Thus，two opposite classes came into being， the capitalist class and the labouring class. The Enclosure Movement 鞠咬萍累搏定题枕腐钎夏痔吉谬项跃纯披烈杀媒铀统啪涡忙慑讫牌翁腥迅Renaissance(I)Renaissance(I) 指15世纪末叶至19世纪中叶西欧新兴资产阶级和新封贵族使用暴力剥夺农民土地的过程。这种情况在英、德、 法、荷、丹等国都曾先后出现过，而以英国的圈地运动最为典型。15世纪后，英国毛纺制呢业迅猛发展 ，市场上的羊毛价格开始猛涨，使养羊变得有利可图，但需要大片的土地。于是，贵族们把原来租种他们土地的农民赶走，把可以养羊的土地圈占起来发展养羊业。 同时， 新航路开辟后，扩大了世界各地区、各民族之间的经济和文化交往。英国地处大西洋航运的中心线上，对外贸易急剧扩大，从而进一步刺激了英国羊毛出口业和毛织业的发展，推动了养羊业的发展。所谓圈地，即用篱笆、栅栏、壕沟把强占的农 圈地运动 格峙饵酷钠磐难态瓢富金四险沥伪鲸萝辊腐峨惦哦法茫塑暂氛悦顿蓉帕粤Renaissance(I)Renaissance(I) 圈地运动 民份地以及公有地圈占起来，变成私有的大牧场、大农场。大批丧失土地和家园的农民成为一无所有的雇佣劳动者。这是英国资本原始积累的最重要手段之一 。圈地运动推动了英国工业革命的出现，造就了大批的资本主义发展所需的自由劳动力，积累了资本，扩大了市场，为工业革命准备了条件。 但对农民来说无疑是一场灾难。在圈地运动中，无数农民倾家荡产，流离失所。而政府又颁布血腥法令，不允许这些失去土地的人流浪。从这个角度说，圈地运动是一场明显的“羊吃人”的运动。 蓖膀喉忧吧对继枫城经哄喻腆哇抛龟映蜂糙悟拖砷柯层栗漠祖辰签灯澈胰Renaissance(I)Renaissance(I) Humanism Renaissance