转基因产品前言.pptVIP

KEY WORDS genetically modified crops 转基因作物 Food safety assessment 食品安全性评价 Chymosin 凝乳酶 1 Definition 将人工分离和修饰过的基因导入到生物体基因组中，由于导入基因的表达，引起生物体的性状的可遗传的修饰，这一技术称之为转基因技术 2 The GM Production from basic science to commercial applications Typical sample----chymosin 凝乳酶作为奶酪制作过程中必不可少的催化剂,其来源多渠道。传统的凝乳酶多来自小牛的胰脏提取已经真菌微生物的发酵, 3 The Development of GM Crops The techniques developed for transformations of plants were readily applied to crops and GM plants used for food production are now a reality . 植物的转化技术已很容易应用到农作物而且转基因植物在食品生产中的使用已经成为现实 4 Target traits Herbicide traits Insect resistance Resistance to iruses, fungi and bacteria Other agronomic traits Nutritional properties… 6 The objectives of this contribution The objectives of this contribution are: (i) to review the current and potential applications of GM in food production; (ii) to outline present and future benefits of GM crops; (iii) to discuss challenges in safety assessment evolving from new developments in this field. Within a rather short period of time genetic engineering has evolved from basic science to commercial applications. The use of this versatile tool of modern biotechnology has become a multibillion-dollar business (Malik, 1999). Considering the important role of fermentation technology in traditional food production, it was not surprising that the area of foods and food ingredients attracted the interest of genetic engineers from the very beginning. One of the first commercial examples was the production of the cheesemaking enzyme chymosin, traditionally obtained from calves, by fermentation using genetically modified (GM)microorganisms (Flamm, 1994). The techniques developed for transformations of plants were readily applied to crops and GM plants used for food production are now a reality (James, 2000). 在比较短的时间内，基因工程已经从基础科学演变到商业应用。现代生物技术这个万能的工具已造就了一个巨大的商业财富（马利克，1999年）。考虑到发酵技术在传统的粮食生产的重要作用，所以食品和食品配料领域从一开始就吸引遗传学家的兴趣就不奇怪了。第一