语言学Main points for overview.docVIP

Main points for review: I. Terms: A: translations from English to Chinese Fricative approximant bilabial labiodental glottal free morpheme suprasegmental morpheme inflection derivation sememe nasal cavity larynx vocal folds voiced voiceless parole active zones co-hyponym Meronymy Acoustic phonetics Articulatory phonetics The International Phonetic Alphabet Alveolar Epenthesis perseverative coarticulation Complementary distribution Iconicity Convention 谓词逻辑 B. translations from Chinese to English 音位 音位变体 横组合关系 直接成分 离心结构 并列结构 一致关系 衔接 连贯 主位意义 递归性 上下义关系 语义成分分析 命题 言外之意 同化现象 娱乐功能 元语言 组构原则 谓词逻辑 激活区 互补反义关系 声门音 爆破音 逆化性协同发音 送气 鼻音化 命题逻辑 C．Briefly define the following terms Linguistics Pragmatics Competence and performance Emotive function Synchronic and diachronic study Descriptive and prescriptive performatives propositional logic syllogism allophone Allomorph IC analysis Component analysis Sense The Semantic triangle Speech act Implicature Duality Arbitrariness Displacement Convention Iconicity The bow-wow theory the divine gift theory The pooh-pooh theory The yo-he-ho theory Psycholinguistics Sociolinguistics Anthropological linguistics Computational linguistics Langue and Parole Vowel Consonant Epenthesis perseverative coarticulation “Minimal pairs” test Free variation Assimilation Phonological Rules Contextual meaning Speaker meaning Cooperative principle  II. Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement ( ) 1. Learning/teaching a language is also learning /teaching a culture. ( ) 2. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. ( ) 3. A basic way to determine the phonemes of a language is to see if substituting one sound for another results in a change of meaning. ( ) 4. Culture refers to the entire way of life of a human society. ( ) 6. Conceptual meaning is