铝合金厚板表面边缘应力释放的实验研究.docVIP

铝合金厚板表面边缘应力释放的实验研究 梁旭坤1，袁海洋，胡永会2 Experimental study of surface residual stress relaxation on the edge of aluminum alloy thick plate LIANG Xu-kun1, YUAN Hai-yang 2, HU Yong-hui2 (1. Hunan College of Information, Changsha 410200, China; 2. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China) Abstract: Surface residual stress distributions and general rules on the edge region of quenched and sawed aluminum alloy thick plates were acquired by analyzing stresses edge effect using X-ray diffraction method. The results show that quenching and sawing cause similar residual stress distribution trends on the edge of the thick plates. But edge stresses distribution after quenching demonstrates some singularity since quenching contains huge heat exchange and rapid cooling, while stresses distribution after sawing is relatively uniform because heat exchange is negligible and stresses reconstruction is slow in sawing. In addition, stress relaxation range is related to the plate thickness and the degree of stress relaxation is influenced by technologies changing the initial stresses distributions, plate dimensions and constraint types. Key words: X-ray diffraction method; aluminum alloy thick plate; residual stress; edge effect; quenching; sawing 圣维南原理Saint-Venant’s Principle）指出载荷的具体分布只影响载荷作用区附近的应力分布[1]。铝合金厚板的表面应力分布也存在类似于圣维南原理的现象，可称为边缘效应，即厚板边缘无约束或微弱约束附近区域将发生应力释放，且释放范围只影响边缘附近的应力分布[2]。本文采用X射线衍射法测量7075高强铝合金厚板经淬火与锯切后的残余应力边缘效应，分析边缘效应中应力释放区域特征距离[]与板厚，应力释放程度与改变初始应力分布状态的工艺之间的关系。 试验用材为轧制7075铝合金，主要成分如下（wt%）：铜1.6%、镁2.5%、铬0.23%、锌5.6%，其余为铝。试样尺寸为1200×220×30mm与1200×220×40mm两种，长度方向均为轧向。试样热处理为从室温开始，每小时升高100保温10分钟，固溶温度达到480后保温2小时，采用水浴淬火。 ±10MPa，基本测量参数为：Co靶，管电压与电流为20kV与4mA，衍射晶面为（331），弹性常数为18.5606×10-6。 由于铝合金厚板的对称性与淬火的均匀性，将试验应力测试点布置在板纵向与横向中心线对称的位置。首先，原始铝合金厚板的表面应力测试点沿板长与宽方向的点间隔分别定为100mm与40mm；之后，利用DK7732型电火花数控切割机床对两种厚度板以轧向中心线对称取料，取样尺寸分别为160×160×30/40mm，120×120×30/40mm，80×80×30/40mm与50×50×30/40mm，并沿着板切口法向在同一直线路径上测试其表面应力进行。 2 结果及讨论 测试初始铝合金厚板的表面残余应力结果如图1所示，边缘