英语动名词用法剖析.docVIP

英语动名词用法剖析 　　摘 要：非谓语动词是中学英语语法学习之重点和难点。非谓语动词就是由动词变来但不能作谓语的一种特殊形式，但非谓语动词可以带自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。非谓语动词有分词、动名词和动词不定式三种。本文主要分析动名词作主语、宾语、表语和定语的句法功能，动名词的时态语态、否定式以及动名词复合结构等用法，旨在更好地引导学生掌握动名词的用法。 　　关键词：动名词；句法功能；时态语态；否定式；复合结构 　　一、动名词的功能 　　动名词具有名词的特征，但仍保留动词的性质，因此可以带自己的宾语、状语以及逻辑主语，构成动名词短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 　　1.作主语 　　动名词及动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；当动名词短语较长时通常用it作形式主语，而动名词短语放置其后作真正主语，经常连用的词有use， useful， useless， good等，如： 　　Reading English newspapers is a good way to improve English reading comprehension. 　　It is no use arguing with such an uneducated woman. 　　It is good getting up early and playing table tennis every morning. 　　It is a waste of time playing computer games from morning till night. 　　2.作宾语 　　（1）作动词宾语。有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，常见的动词有：admit， allow， appreciate，advise，avoid，risk，celebrate，complete，consider， excuse，deny，escape，enjoy，suggest，forbid，miss，finish，imagine，keep， practice， mind，put off，insist on，give up，permit，keep on，be worth等。 　　如： 　　Our school doesn’t allow smoking and drinking at any time. 　　She practiced playing the piano yesterday and didn’t go out for a whole day. 　　The movie is well worth seeing for a second time. 　　（2）作介词宾语。动名词也可作介词宾语，当作介词宾语时，要注意含有介词to的短语，因为这些短语经常容易与动词不定式混淆。常用短语有：lead to， devote to， look forward to， get down to， be used to， object to， stick to等。 　　另外还有一些固定用法中，介词经常省略，像have difficulty ＼ trouble ＼ problem ＼ pleasure ＼ fun ＼ a good time ＼ a bad time （in） doing ；prevent ＼ stop sb. （from） doing；protect ＼ guard ＼ save＼ defend sb.（from ＼ against）doing；spend ＼ 　　waste…（in）doing； be busy （in） doing等。 　　如： 　　She is not very good at dancing or singing but she plays basketball quite well. 　　The discovery of new evidence led to the highwayman being caught. 　　The great African woman devoted her whole life to studying and protecting wild animals. 　　It’s time for us to get down to doing some research about our methods. 　　The driver had no difficulty （in） finding the place because of his good sense of direction. 　　We must take measures to preven