中国森林账户的调整.pptVIP

Topics to be covered Background（背景） Data limitations and the scope of accounting（数据缺口与核算范围） Estimating forest depreciation using the net price approach（使用净价格法估算森林折旧） Estimating forest depreciation using the user cost approach （使用用户成本法估算森林折旧） Policy implication （政策含义） Thanks! * * Adjusted Forest Accounts for China 中国森林账户的调整* Zhuang Jian 庄 健 Senior Economist ADB Resident Mission in the PRC 亚洲开发银行驻中国代表处高级经济学家 * On behalf of Ms. Liu Xuelin, Economist, ADB Background（背景） The territory of China: 7% of the world land surface; population: 20%. However, its forest cover: only 4% of the world; standing timber volume: 3% (Ministry of Forest, 1990). 中国国土面积为世界的7%，人口为世界的20%，但森林面积仅为世界的4%，林木数量不到世界的3% Timber densities stood at 84 m3/ha during 1977-1981 and 79 m3/ha during 1984-1988. These figures are biased by remaining virgin forests in remote area such as Tibet, Xinjiang, Jilin and Heilongjiang. Stocking elsewhere averages only about 30 m3/ha, far below the world standard (100 m3/ha). 1977-1981年和1984-1988年中国林木密度分别为每公顷84和79立方米，但这些数据因包含西藏、新疆、吉林、黑龙江等偏远原始林而有所偏差，在中国其他地方的平均林木密度仅30立方米/公顷，远低于世界标准（100立方米/公顷） China is a forest deficit nation. The main natural forests have been greatly decreased, timber stocks have dropped, the quality of forests has declined. 中国是一个森林赤字国家。主要天然林大量减少，木材存量下降，森林质量恶化。 More and more experts discuss the importance of integrating environmental depreciation into the national accounts. It is necessary to conduct an economic valuation on forest accounting to discover its effect on the national economy. 越来越多的专家学者讨论将环境折旧纳入国民核算，因而有必要对森林核算进行调整评估，分析其对国民经济的影响 Although 4 forest resources surveys in 1973-1976, 1977-1981, 1984-1988 and 1989-1993 had carried out, forest volume, consumption of timber, and forest resource reduction has to be adjusted or estimated. Calculation was confined from 1976-1992. 尽管中国对1973-1976，1997-1981，1984-1988，1989-1993年间的森林资源进行了调查，但有关森林物量、木材消耗量、森林资源的减少等都还需要重新调整或估计，由于数据所限，本测算的时期定为1976-1992年 Selected natural forests, mainly timber