煤气发生炉生产设计.docVIP

煤气发生炉毕业论文 题 目 煤气发生炉生产设计 系 别 化工系 专 业 化学工程与工艺 目 录 1 发生炉煤气概况········································2 2 发生炉煤气分类········································2 2．1 空气煤气··············································2 2．2 水煤气发生炉煤气······································2 2．3 混合发生炉煤气········································2 3 发生炉煤气的工艺流程··································3 4 反应过程原理及化学反应································4 4．1 炉内料层性质变化······································4 4．2 化学反应··············································5 5 技术指标··············································6 5．1 煤气质量指标··········································6 5．2 炉内气化各层次要求···································6 6 煤质量要求···········································6 6．1 煤的粒度，机械强度及热稳定性·························6 6．2 灰分、灰熔点及结渣性·································7 7 衡算实例·············································8 7．1 已知的原始数据·······································8 7．2 物料衡算·············································8 7．3 热量衡算·············································11 7．3．1 供热方···············································11 7．3．2 付热方···············································12 7．4 气化效率·············································13 7．5 热效率···············································13 8 安全知识·············································14 参考文献··············································15 致谢………………………………………………………………….15 1 发生炉煤气概况 发生炉煤气是以固体燃料（以煤为主）气化而得到的一种气体，其主要用于治金、机械、陶瓷、玻璃、化工和电子工业等方面可作燃料气，合成原料气，目前有些矿区及远离城市的工业企业的居民作为民用气（但必须采用安全措施），使用发生炉煤气后既能消除烟尘污染，改善环境卫生，又能节约能源，提高产品质量和产量，减轻劳动强度，降低经济成本，效果比较显著。 煤的气化过程是一热化学过程，是煤或煤焦与气化剂（空气，氧气，水蒸气，氢等）在高温下发生化学反应将煤或煤焦中有机物转变为煤气的过程。该过程是在高温、高压下进行的一个复杂的多相物理化学过程。通过煤炭气化方法可以利用煤中所含的几乎全部有机物质，是获得基本有机化学工业原料的重要途径。 煤气是指气化剂通过炽热固体燃料层时，所含游离氧或结合氧将燃料中的碳转化成可燃性气体。 2 发生炉煤气分类 根据使用气化剂和热值不同可分下列三种： 2．1空气煤气发生炉煤气 采用纯空气鼓风为气化剂透入煤气