Attachment-Related Psychodynamics【DOC精选】.docVIP

PSYCHOMEDIA-- HOME PAGE RAPAPORT-KLEIN STUDY GROUP-- HOME PAGE Attachment-Related Psychodynamics Phillip R. Shaver Mario Mikulincer [A shorter version of this paper, titled Psychodynamics of Adult Attachment: A Research Perspective, was presented by Phillip R. Shaver on June 13, 2003, at the Annual Meeting of the Rapaport-Klein Study Group. This longer version appeared as a target article inAttachment and Human Development, 2002, 4: 133-161. A second paper, titled Dialogue on adult attachment: Diversity and integration (published inAttachment and Human Development, 2002, 4: 243-257) is the reply to commentaries on this target article] Abstract:Because there has been relatively little communication and cross-fertilization between the two major lines of research on adult attachment, one based on coded narrative assessments of defensive processes, the other on simple self-reports of attachment style in close relationships, we here explain and review recent work based on a combination of self-report and other kinds of methods, including behavioral observations and unconscious priming techniques. The review indicates that considerable progress has been made in testing central hypotheses derived from attachment theory and in exploring unconscious, psychodynamic processes related to affect-regulation and attachment-system activation. The combination of self-report assessment of attachment style and experimental manipulation of other theoretically pertinent variables allows researchers to test causal hypotheses. We present a model of normative and individual-difference processes related to attachment and identify areas in which further research is needed and likely to be successful. One long-range goal is to create a more complete theory of personality built on attachment theory and other object relations theories. Over the past 15 years, attachment theory (Bowlby, 1982/1969, 1973, 1980) has generated two lines of research based on slightly different conceptualizat